Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Morovati, Hamid; Khodadadi, Hossein; Ahmadpour, Ehsan; Nami, Sanam; Mohammadi, Rasoul; Hosseini, Hanieh; Behravan, Mahsa

doi:10.4103/1995-7645.359784

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…But soon became one of the major AIDS-defining illnesses in the world. Also, during the COVID-19 pandemic, PCP, known as a COVID mimic, caused major health problems alongside superinfection [93,94]. Liu et al performed two valuable studies about the host immune responses to COVID superinfection [95,96].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ahmadpour,

Valilou,

Ghanizadegan

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated pneumocystosis (HAP) is poorly described on a worldwide scale. We searched related databases between January 2000 and December 2022 for studies reporting HAP. Meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect (version 2.7.9) and STATA (version 17) according to the random-effects model for DerSimonian and Laird method and metan and metaprop commands, respectively. Twenty-nine studies with 38554 HIV-positive, 79893 HIV-negative, and 4044 HAP populations were included. The pooled prevalence of HAP was 35.4% (95% CI 23.8 to 47.9). In contrast, the pooled prevalence of PCP among HIV-negative patients was 10.16% (95% CI 2 to 25.3). HIV-positive patients are almost 12 times more susceptible to PCP than the HIV-negative population (OR: 11.710; 95% CI: 5.420 to 25.297). The mortality among HAP patients was 52% higher than non-PCP patients (OR 1.522; 95% CI 0.959 to 2.416). HIV-positive men had a 7% higher chance rate for PCP than women (OR 1.073; 95% CI 0.674 to 1.706). Prophylactic (OR: 6.191; 95% CI: 0.945 to 40.545) and antiretroviral therapy (OR 3.356; 95% CI 0.785 to 14.349) were used in HAP patients six and three times more than HIV-positive PCP-negatives, respectively. The control and management strategies should revise and updated by health policy-makers on a worldwide scale. Finally, for better management and understanding of the epidemiology and characteristics of this coinfection, designing further studies is recommended.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ahmadpour,

Valilou,

Ghanizadegan

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can weaken the host’s immune system and increase the risk of secondary infections with bacterial and fungal pathogens, including P. jirovecii [ 223 , 224 , 225 ]. There have been approximately 100 reports of coinfection of P. jirovecii in COVID-19 patients, with some of them reviewed recently by Gioia et al [ 226 ] and Khodadadi et al [ 227 ]. The largest number of coinfection cases (in non-HIV/AIDS) was reported from France (34 cases), followed by Italy (22 cases) and Pakistan (10 cases) ( Figure 3 and Table S3 [ 15 , 224 , 225 , 226 , 228 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 234 , 235 , 236 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 240 , 241 , 242 , 243 , 244 , 245 , 246 , 247 , 248 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 252 , 253 , 254 , 255 , 256 , 257 , 258 , 259 , 260 , 261 , 262 , 263 , 264 , 265 ,…”

Section: Immunodeficient Conditions and Risk Factors For Pcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are multiple potential risk factors for the development of PCP in COVID-19, including cytokine storm, damage to the airway epithelial barrier, mechanical ventilation, admissions to intensive care units (ICU), use of glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive agents, underlying diseases (pulmonary diseases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and kidney disease), and prolonged hospitalization [ 224 , 227 , 287 ]. Nonetheless, in some cases, it may be challenging to determine whether the onset of PCP in COVID-19 patients is solely due to COVID-19-induced immune defects, the administration of immunosuppressive agents during COVID-19 treatment, or underlying conditions prior to COVID-19 infection [ 288 ].…”

Section: Immunodeficient Conditions and Risk Factors For Pcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in the Epidemiology of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients without HIV Infection

Xue,

Kong,

2023

JoF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The increasing morbidity and mortality of life-threatening Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised people poses a global concern, prompting the World Health Organization to list it as one of the 19 priority invasive fungal diseases, calling for increased research and public health action. In response to this initiative, we provide this review on the epidemiology of PCP in non-HIV patients with various immunodeficient conditions, including the use of immunosuppressive agents, cancer therapies, solid organ and stem cell transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, inherited or primary immunodeficiencies, and COVID-19. Special attention is given to the molecular epidemiology of PCP outbreaks in solid organ transplant recipients; the risk of PCP associated with the increasing use of immunodepleting monoclonal antibodies and a wide range of genetic defects causing primary immunodeficiency; the trend of concurrent infection of PCP in COVID-19; the prevalence of colonization; and the rising evidence supporting de novo infection rather than reactivation of latent infection in the pathogenesis of PCP. Additionally, we provide a concise discussion of the varying effects of different immunodeficient conditions on distinct components of the immune system. The objective of this review is to increase awareness and knowledge of PCP in non-HIV patients, thereby improving the early identification and treatment of patients susceptible to PCP.

show abstract

MiR-150 levels are related to in-hospital mortality in non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia patients

Zhang,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Medical Mycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection that occurs in immunocompromised patients. Compared with HIV patients, PCP in non-HIV patients tends to follow up a more urgent course and poorer prognosis. Therefore, markers that could predict survival of PCP patients in non-HIV population are of great value. MiRNA-150 has been widely studied in many diseases since it has been identified as a vital regulator of immune cell differentiation and activation. We thus conduct this study aiming to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-150 level in non-HIV PCP. First, the expression levels of miR-150 were compared between PCP patients and healthy volunteers. The miR-150 levels in immune cells were also detected in PCP mouse models. Then the prognostic value of miR-150 was further assessed in another PCP population (n = 72). The expression levels of miR-150 were measured by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technique. Our data demonstrated significantly decreased miR-150 expression levels in PCP patients and mouse models compared to controls. The miR-150 levels also decreased in various immune cells of PCP mouse models. With a cut-off value of 3.48, the area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity of miR-150 to predicate PCP mortality were 0.845, 68.2% and 96.0% respectively. In conclusion, miR-150 expression value might serve as a potential biomarker to identify PCP patients at high risk of death.

show abstract

Global prevalence, mortality, and main risk factors for COVID-19 associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 63 publications

Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Trends in the Epidemiology of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients without HIV Infection

MiR-150 levels are related to in-hospital mortality in non-HIV Pneumocystis pneumonia patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About