Global poultry production: Current impact and future outlook on the South African poultry industry

Abstract

Poultry meat and eggs are the largest source of animal protein in the human diet worldwide. These are the benefits of decades of poultry research investments that were aimed at developing fast-growing strains, a better understanding of nutrient metabolism and utilization, and the effects of those nutrients on gene expression. The South African poultry industry has advanced alongside global trends in most developed countries. The industry is dominated by a few fully integrated large commercial producers, and a high volume of small-scale producers, either as contract growers or individual producers supplying solely the informal market. Currently, the poultry industry is battling to remain competitive, owing to tons of imported dark chicken meat being dumped in this market by other countries at prices below the cost of production locally. This has had negative consequences on producers, big and small, and on the employment rate. Disease outbreaks, welfare regulations, food safety, house environment and a number of issues relating to nutrition and feeding are among current and future challenges to the poultry industry, particularly the smallscale segment. With urbanization escalating, land availability and accessibility for intensive poultry rearing, and crop production for feed will be a challenge. Simultaneously, although poultry has the lowest carbon and water footprint, global warming is likely to affect feed quality and quantity, increasing feed and energy costs, thereby influencing food security. In future, maize and soybean meal on a worldwide basis will remain the major ingredients in poultry diets, although research on feedstuffs for partial replacement of these two will still be relevant, more so for home mixers. Focus on poultry science education and training, research and extension partnerships between poultry scientists and veterinarians also needs serious attention. Lack of collaboration between the private and public sectors, and lack of innovative ways to articulate concerns from producers and consumers to policy makers remain barriers to technological adoption. This review adopts poultry in sole reference to chickens.

Detection of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Poultry Feed

“…, therefore , any effect on the feed leads to change on the performance of broilers and layers .The storage conditions are necessary to safe feed , so weather extremes unsuitable storage practices and improper feeding conditions can cause feedfungal contamination that increase mycotoxins production. (Nkukwana et al, 2018). So it is desirable from time to time to examine these stuff periodically either from the superficial looking and/or laboratory examination for the presence of any toxic materials.…”

Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using electrocoagulation: a review

“…Due to its popularity, the poultry meat sector continues to grow and industrialize in many parts of the world (Mottet & Tempio 2017). In South Africa, the poultry meat sector has also advanced alongside the global trends as it is regarded as the largest commercial poultry meat producer in Africa (Nkukwana 2018). This activity is associated with high economic gains but, similar to any other food-processing activities, poultry processing is water-intensive, consuming about 26.5 litres per bird (Avula et al 2009;Paulista et al 2018;Williams et al 2019).…”

Dietary Application of Tannins as a Potential Mitigation Strategy for Current Challenges in Poultry Production: A Review

“…Moreover, global poultry production continues to increase annually [ 1 ]. However, there are many challenges in the poultry industry including: bacterial infection (salmonellosis); parasitic infection (coccidiosis); oxidative stress, including that caused by heat stress; welfare issues such as food pad dermatitis (FPD); and nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions which can cause severe economic losses, threaten food safety and public health, impair animal welfare, and induce environmental pollution [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”