Global Positioning System Integer Ambiguity Resolution Without Attitude Knowledge

Crassidis, John L.; Markley, F. Landis; Lightsey, E. Glenn

doi:10.2514/2.4395

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Refinements can be made to the solution by restricting the search space using geometric constraints [8]. This is well suited to short baselines, however, the minimum residual does not guarantee a correct solution in the presence of measurement noise [5,6]. Hence, an instantaneous algorithm can report wrong integers as valid ones.…”

Section: Integer Ambiguity Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ref. [6] an algorithm has been developed that has advantages over Cohen's method, including: 1) it doesn't require any a priori attitude information, 2) large matrix inversions are not required, and 3) it is non-iterative. Also, a covariance expression has been derived that can be used to check the integrity of the determined integer ambiguity.…”

Section: Integer Ambiguity Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a GPS receiver has the ability to provide attitude information by employing multiple antenna sets to measure the signal carrier phase differences [2][3][4][5]. However, when using the phase measurements the solution becomes more complicated than position determination since the phase measurements contain integer ambiguities [6][7][8]. Furthermore, to utilize a GPS receiver as an attitude sensor several system parameters, such as baselines, line biases and integer ambiguities, need to be first determined [5,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Robust GPS Receiver Self Survey Algorithm

Park¹

2006

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To use a GPS receiver as an attitude sensor several system parameters, such as integer ambiguities, line biases and baselines, need to be first determined. This operation is called the self survey. It also may require several subsystem aspects, such as cycle slip detection and repair. In this paper, a new self survey scheme is presented that is robust to initial guess errors in the survey parameters. This new approach first uses an attitude-independent method with double-differenced phase measurements to resolve the integer ambiguities, and then determines the remaining parameters using nonlinear least-square methods. The algorithm is verified with both simulated and real GPS receiver data.

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Section: Integer Ambiguity Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Integer Ambiguity Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Robust GPS Receiver Self Survey Algorithm

Park¹

2006

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“…For the case of a one-meter long baseline and six GPS satellites, the number of combinations is of the order of 11 6 . There are two ways to reduce the search volume.…”

Section: Determination Of the Search Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Knight Method Based on Narrowed Search Space for Instantaneous GPS Attitude Determination

Zhang

Grenfell

2005

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ABSTRACT:The Knight algorithm can instantaneously resolve integer ambiguities and improve significantly the search speed by skipping over most less-likely integer ambiguity candidates. However, its reliability relies on the volume of the integer ambiguity search space.Utilizing coarse attitude knowledge can reduce the size of the search space. This paper proposes a new method to narrow the search space by taking into account a geometric constraint of visible satellites. The constraint is formulated as a recursive procedure and is thus very suitable to be incorporated into the search loop of the Knight method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the search efficiency and reliability of the Knight method.

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“…The earliest methods of attitude IAR are the so-called motion-based methods (see e.g. Cohen and Parkinson 1992;Chun and Park 1995;Tu et al 1996;Crassidis et al 1999). These methods take advantage of the change in receiver-satellite geometry that is induced by the platform's motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integer least-squares theory for the GNSS compass

Teunissen

2010

J Geod

150

134

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Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution is the key to highprecision positioning and attitude determination. In this contribution, we develop new integer least-squares (ILS) theory for the GNSS compass model, together with efficient integer search strategies. It extends current unconstrained ILS theory to the nonlinearly constrained case, an extension that is particularly suited for precise attitude determination. As opposed to current practice, our method does proper justice to the a priori given information. The nonlinear baseline constraint is fully integrated into the ambiguity objective function, thereby receiving a proper weighting in its minimization and providing guidance for the integer search. Different search strategies are developed to compute exact and approximate solutions of the nonlinear constrained ILS problem. Their applicability depends on the strength of the GNSS model and on the length of the baseline. Two of the presented search strategies, a global and a local one, are based on the use of an ellipsoidal search space. This has the advantage that standard methods can be applied. The global ellipsoidal search strategy is applicable to GNSS models of sufficient strength, while the local ellipsoidal search strategy is applicable to models for which the baseline lengths are not too small. We also develop search strategies for the most challenging case, namely when the curvature of the non-ellipsoidal ambiguity search space needs to be taken into account. Two P. J. G. Teunissen Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia e-mail: p.teunissen@curtin.edu.au P. J. G. Teunissen (B) Delft Institute for Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS), Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands e-mail: p.j.g.teunissen@tudelft.nl such strategies are presented, an approximate one and a rigorous, somewhat more complex, one. The approximate one is applicable when the fixed baseline variance matrix is close to diagonal. Both methods make use of a search and shrink strategy. The rigorous solution is efficiently obtained by means of a search and shrink strategy that uses nonquadratic, but easy-to-evaluate, bounding functions of the ambiguity objective function. The theory presented is generally valid and it is not restricted to any particular GNSS or combination of GNSSs. Its general applicability also applies to the measurement scenarios (e.g. single-epoch vs. multiepoch, or single-frequency vs. multi-frequency). In particular it is applicable to the most challenging case of unaided, single frequency, single epoch GNSS attitude determination. The success rate performance of the different methods is also illustrated.

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Global Positioning System Integer Ambiguity Resolution Without Attitude Knowledge

Cited by 53 publications

References 6 publications

A Robust GPS Receiver Self Survey Algorithm

A Robust GPS Receiver Self Survey Algorithm

Improved Knight Method Based on Narrowed Search Space for Instantaneous GPS Attitude Determination

Integer least-squares theory for the GNSS compass

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