Global Positioning System

Hofmann-Wellenhof, Bernhard; Lichtenegger, Herbert; Collins, James J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-3297-5

Cited by 530 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. To grasp the context in which the results of this paper are applicable, we shall give a brief taxonomy of methods of sensor network localization.…”

Section: Fitting This Paper In the Taxonomy Of Sensor Network Localizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphical properties of easily localizable sensor networks

et al. 2007

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The sensor network localization problem is one of determining the Euclidean positions of all sensors in a network given knowledge of the Euclidean positions of some, and knowledge of a number of inter-sensor distances. This paper identifies graphical properties which can ensure unique localizability, and further sets of properties which can ensure not only unique localizability but also provide guarantees on B. D. O. the associated computational complexity, which can even be linear in the number of sensors on occasions. Sensor networks with minimal connectedness properties in which sensor transmit powers can be increased to increase the sensing radius lend themselves to the acquiring of the needed graphical properties. Results are presented for networks in both two and three dimensions.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. To grasp the context in which the results of this paper are applicable, we shall give a brief taxonomy of methods of sensor network localization.…”

Section: Fitting This Paper In the Taxonomy Of Sensor Network Localizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphical properties of easily localizable sensor networks

et al. 2007

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“…In addition, due to limited resource-constraints, generic nodes may not attempt to determine their location. However, we assume that guards do know their location either through GPS [18] or through some other localization method [43,44]. (b) We also assume that due to hardware limitations, there is no time synchronization between the network nodes or the guards.…”

Section: Network Model Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A graph theoretic framework for preventing the wormhole attack in wireless ad hoc networks

2006

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Wireless ad hoc networks are envisioned to be randomly deployed in versatile and potentially hostile environments. Hence, providing secure and uninterrupted communication between the un-tethered network nodes becomes a critical problem. In this paper, we investigate the wormhole attack in wireless ad hoc networks, an attack that can disrupt vital network functions such as routing. In the wormhole attack, the adversary establishes a low-latency unidirectional or bi-directional link, such as a wired or long-range wireless link, between two points in the network that are not within communication range of each other. The attacker then records one or more messages at one end of the link, tunnels them via the link to the other end, and replays them into the network in a timely manner. The wormhole attack is easily implemented and particularly challenging to detect, since it does not require breach of the authenticity and confidentiality of communication, or the compromise of any host. We present a graph theoretic framework for modeling wormhole links and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for detecting and defending against wormhole attacks. Based on our framework, we show that any candidate solution preventing wormholes should construct a communication graph that is a subgraph of the geometric graph defined by the radio range of the network nodes. Making use of our framework, we propose a cryptographic mechanism based on local broadcast keys in order to prevent wormholes. Our solution does not need time synchronization or time measurement, requires only a small fraction of the nodes to know their location, and is decentralized. Hence, it is suitable for networks with the most stringent constraints such as sensor networks. Fi-R. Poovendran ( )· L. Lazos

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“…For this to be true, the maximum distance between the two receptors is limited to 10 km. A complete description concerning the use and application of GPS is given by Hofmann-Wellenhof et al (1997). …”

Section: Rapid-static Gps Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The November 2002 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion Island: ground deformation, seismicity, and pit crater collapse

2006

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International audienceAbstract An eruption on the eastern flank of Piton de la Fournaise volcano started on 16 November, 2002 after 10 months of quiescence. After a relatively constant level of activity during the first 13 days of the eruption, lava discharge, volcanic tremor and seismicity increased from 29 November to 3 December. Lava effusion suddenly ceased on 3 December while shallow earthquakes beneath the Dolomieu summit crater were still recorded at a rate of about one per minute. This unusual activity continued and increased in intensity over the next three weeks, ending with the formation of a pit crater within Dolomieu. Based on ground deformation, measured by rapid-static and continuous GPS and an extensometer, seismic data, and lava effusion patterns, the eruptive period is divided into five stages: 1) slow summit inflation and sporadic seismicity; 2) rapid summit inflation and a short seismic crisis; 3) rapid flank inflation, onset of summit deflation, sporadic seismicity, accompanied by stable effusion; 4) flank inflation, coupled with summit deflation, intense seismicity, and increased lava effusion; and finally 5) little deflation, intense shallow seismicity, and the end of lava effusion. We propose a model in which the pre-intrusive inflation of Stage 1 in the months preceding the eruption was caused by a magma body located near sea level. The magma reservoir was the source of an intrusion rising under the summit during Stage 2. In Stage 3, the magma ponded at a shallow level in the edifice while the lateral injection of a radial dike reached the surface on the eastern flank of the basaltic volcano, causing lava effusion. Pressure decrease in the magmatic plumbing system followed, resulting in upward migration of a collapse front, forming a subterranean column of debris by faulting and stoping. This caused intense shallow seismicity, increase in discharge of lava and volcanic tremor at the lateral vent in Stage 4 and, eventually the formation of a pit crater in Stage 5

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Global Positioning System

Cited by 530 publications

References 0 publications

Graphical properties of easily localizable sensor networks

Graphical properties of easily localizable sensor networks

A graph theoretic framework for preventing the wormhole attack in wireless ad hoc networks

The November 2002 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion Island: ground deformation, seismicity, and pit crater collapse

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