Global points of ‘vulnerability’: understanding processes of the trafficking of children and young people into, within and out of the UK

Hynes, Patricia

doi:10.1080/13642987.2010.512140

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Therefore, we review the different factors that have been mentioned in the literature related to immigration and exploitation. Aligning with Hynes [21], Lewis (2015) and Dwyer et al [15] we distinguish between factors prior to arrival and factors after arrival.…”

Section: Points Of Vulnerability To Labour Trafficking Related To Migmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labour trafficking in Chinese restaurants in the Netherlands and the role of Dutch immigration policies. A qualitative analysis of investigative case files

Meeteren

Wiering

2019

Crime Law Soc Change

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Scholars have found that many migrants are vulnerable to exploitation and that there are many immigrants among victims of extreme forms of labour exploitation. In the Global North, empirical studies have scrutinized the link between irregular migration and labour trafficking, yet empirical studies that focus on labour schemes involving regular migrants remain scarce. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 8 investigative police files of labour trafficking involving regular migrants in the Chinese catering industry in the Netherlands, this study investigates the mechanisms through which exploitation comes about and is sustained. It is concluded that exploitation is the result of the ways in which both the employers and the victims manoeuvre the space provided by immigration policies. Employer-bounded residence and work permits emerged as an especially important contributor to the initiation and continuation of exploitative situations. Policymakers should be highly aware of the vulnerabilities of temporary labour migrants' positions created by such policy arrangements. Future research is needed in order to create a better understanding of how exploitative work situations develop and are sustained, and the role different factors such as immigration policies play in such processes.

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Section: Points Of Vulnerability To Labour Trafficking Related To Migmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labour trafficking in Chinese restaurants in the Netherlands and the role of Dutch immigration policies. A qualitative analysis of investigative case files

Meeteren

Wiering

2019

Crime Law Soc Change

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“…Along with social difference, the literature on human trafficking has foregrounded temporal relations (Bastia & McGrath, ). Hynes () provides a powerful argument for conceptualising human trafficking as a process rather than an event, suggesting that such a relationally‐temporal approach across the full experience of human trafficking helps uncover its contextual factors and does not reduce human trafficking to isolated incidents. A relationally‐temporal perspective can be seen in geographic scholarship, for instance, in analyses of the hyper‐precarity of migrants’ lives by Lewis et al.…”

Section: Adding “Space” To the Relational Critique Of Human Traffickingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relational geographies of human trafficking: Inequality, manoeuvring and im/mobility across space and time

Blažek

Smith

2018

Trans Inst British Geog

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This paper demonstrates why and how a fuller geographical perspective extends contemporary scholarship on human trafficking within and beyond the discipline.We employ a relational approach and draw on in-depth qualitative research with trafficked persons and a range of stakeholders in Slovakia and the United Kingdom (UK), to depict how the processes underpinning human trafficking are nonlinear and operate instantaneously at multiple intersecting scales and temporalities and through diverse mobilities. The analysis problematises the discrete and homogeneous notion of space coupled with a linear conceptualisation of time and, more specifically, the normative portrayals of recruitment, transit and exploitation as distinct and sequential phases of human trafficking. Instead, the individuated experiences of trafficked persons are examined in relational geographies of inequality, manoeuvring and mobilities. Such a conceptual shift ensures that efforts to understand and combat human trafficking address its effects as well as the wider social relations and structural conditions that facilitate exploitation. We conclude the paper by outlining how a relational-geographic perspective has the potential to foster new forms of dialogue and inquiry within and beyond the discipline. K E Y W O R D SEastern Europe, exploitation, human trafficking, inequality, mobilities, relational geographies 1 | INTRODUCTION Human trafficking is inherently spatial, comprising cross-cutting processes of exploitation within and across local, regional, national and international borders. Yet, academic, policy and media understandings of human trafficking tend to rely on a discrete and homogeneous conceptualisation of space coupled with a linear conceptualisation of time (Smith, 2017). Our aim in this paper is to contribute to critical debates over structural inequalities that underpin human trafficking (Anderson & Ruhs, 2010;Andrijasevic, 2010;Lewis et al., 2015;Piper et al., 2015) by offering a geographical conceptualisation of human trafficking that explicitly recognises the relational nature of space and time. Using in-depth qualitative research with trafficked persons and a range of stakeholders in Slovakia and the United Kingdom (UK), we examine why viewing processes such as recruitment, transit and exploitation as distinct and sequential phases of the human trafficking process is reductive. In turn, we reframe human trafficking as a relational composition that spans multiple spaces and temporalities.The paper is structured as follows. First, we outline relational perspectives on human trafficking within critical inter-disciplinary scholarship and suggest that this could be enriched by engaging explicitly with relational conceptions of space (and time). Second, we introduce the writings of Massey, Bergson and Deleuze and present the theoretical framework for ---

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“…The “trafficking” of children and young people into, within, and out of the UK has become, over the past decade, an increasingly highlighted issue in government, NGO and academic circles (Anderson, ; Anderson and O'Connell Davidson, ; Bokhari, ; Bovarnick, 2010; Craig et al., , 2010; Crawley, ; ECPAT UK, ; Finch, ; Hynes, ; Ishola, ; Kelly and Bokhari, ; O'Connell Davidson, ; Pearce et al., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No ‘Magic Bullets’: Children, Young People, Trafficking and Child Protection in the UK

Hynes

2015

International Migration

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Trafficking of children and young people has become an increasingly debated issue in the UK, with official statistics often considered to reflect only the “tip of the iceberg” of cases. Identification of a child as “trafficked” relies upon referral to designated “first responders” and “competent authorities” within a National Referral Mechanism (NRM). This article explores the complex undertaking of identifying a child as “trafficked”. It is suggested that, like any other form of child protection, in cases of “trafficking” there are unlikely to be “magic bullets” providing immediate answers to why children are not always seen as being exploited and/or abused and consequently identified as “trafficked”. Drawing on findings from two qualitative studies into understandings of trafficking amongst agencies working with children, it is suggested that identifying “trafficking” of children could be enhanced if a broader range of agencies had roles in the process, particularly those working within community engagement frameworks in positions to form crucial relationships of trust with children.

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Global points of ‘vulnerability’: understanding processes of the trafficking of children and young people into, within and out of the UK

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Labour trafficking in Chinese restaurants in the Netherlands and the role of Dutch immigration policies. A qualitative analysis of investigative case files

Labour trafficking in Chinese restaurants in the Netherlands and the role of Dutch immigration policies. A qualitative analysis of investigative case files

Relational geographies of human trafficking: Inequality, manoeuvring and im/mobility across space and time

No ‘Magic Bullets’: Children, Young People, Trafficking and Child Protection in the UK

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