Global Patterns and Drivers of Bee Distribution

Orr, Michael C.; Hughes, Alice C.; Chesters, Douglas; Pickering, John; Zhu, Chao‐Dong; Ascher, John S.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.053

Cited by 213 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Contrary to the general pattern in animals, pollinating bees appears as an exception and display higher species richness at high latitudes compared to tropics (Orr et al 2020). This suggests that the diversification and origin of a pollinating bee lifestyle stems to environments with strong seasonality and important longterm climatic oscillations, which might have led to frequent bottlenecks in their population history.…”

Section: Ecological and Molecular Predisposition To Eusociality In Beesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…However this result might be simply due to the massive overrepresentation of species from temperate regions in our dataset, and more thorough studies focusing on more tropical species will be necessary to draw any conclusions. In any case, specialized feeding on flowers appears here as a specialization to ecosystems with relatively low carrying capacity (Orr et al 2020) requiring high parental investment for a scarce resource. Pollinating bees thus represent an ideal model to study the links between long-term demographics and seasonal variation in resource availability in temperate or arid environments.…”

Section: Ecological and Molecular Predisposition To Eusociality In Beesmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees

Weyna

Romiguier

2020

Preprint

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Eusociality is a rare life history strategy that evolved repeatedly in Hymenoptera. At the population genetics level, inbreeding and low effective population size have been suggested as both evolutionary causes and consequences of social life. In this study, we tested these hypotheses by estimating the relative rate of non-synonymous substitution in 169 species to investigate the variation in natural selection efficiency and effective population size throughout the Hymenoptera tree of life. We show that relaxed selection is strongly associated with eusociality. This suggests that the division of reproductive labour decreases effective population size in ants, bees and wasps. Interestingly, we also report a striking and widespread relaxation of selection in both social and non social bees, which indicates that these keystone pollinator species generally feature low effective population sizes. We suggest that a particularly high inbreeding rate in bees might increase the benefits of kin selection, which would explain why most independent origins of eusociality in the tree of life occurred in this taxon. The particularly high load of deleterious mutations we report in the genome of these crucial ecosystem engineer species suggest new concerns about their ongoing population decline. RESULTS dN/dS distribution across the Hymenoptera phylogenyWe estimated dN/dS in 3241 gene alignments of 169 Hymenoptera species using the mapNH program (Romiguier et al. 2012, https://github.com/BioPP/testnh) from the testnh program suite (Dutheil and Boussau 2008;Guéguen and Duret 2018). Average genomic dN/dS values are displayed along the Hymenoptera tree on Figure 1. We used this tree obtained by Peters et al. (2017) and its topology thorough all analyses. The largest and smallest mean ratios were inferred for Eucera nigrescens (0.0745) and Macrocentrus marginator (0.0318). As expected for conserved coding regions, the distribution of genomic dN/dS ratios is close to 0 (overall average of 0.0424), indicative of the large prevalence of purifying selection. We observed above average dN/dS ratios in all 5 available eusocial clades: Formicidae (0.0463 ± 0.0019, 3 species), Polistinae/Vespinae wasps (0.0492 ± 0.0023, 3 species), Stenogastrinae (0.0447, 1 species only), the Apis/Bombus/Tetragonula clade (0.0511 ± 0.0057), and Halictidae (0.0613 ± 0.0039; 2 species). These last two clades of bees do not clearly stand out however, as most bees in the dataset (Antophila, species characterized by pollen feeding of larvae: Apidae, Megachilidae, Halictidae, Colettidae, Andrenidae, and Melittidae) show high dN/dS ratios (0.0522 ± 0.0073, 41 species) with no clear dependence on their social organization. Finally, only two purely solitary taxa displayed comparable dN/dS ratios: Siricoidea (0.0466 ± 0.0027, 3 species) and Cynipoidea (0.0447 ± 0.0059, 5 species). We further used simple linear modelling to try and relate variation in dN/dS ratios to life history traits. When needed, phylogenetic independent contrasts where used to account for phylogene...

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Section: Ecological and Molecular Predisposition To Eusociality In Beesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Ecological and Molecular Predisposition To Eusociality In Beesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees

Weyna

Romiguier

2020

Preprint

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“…Bees are thought to have evolved from apoid wasp ancestors in the arid interior of west Gondwanaland during the Cretaceous period, and since then they have become globally distributed (Michener, 1979, 2007). Bee biodiversity, however, is not evenly distributed across the globe, with most species occurring in warm, temperate regions, especially those with Mediterranean‐type climates (Orr et al ., 2020). Individual bee lineages also differ in their richness and distributional patterns, with some lineages being depauperate in certain regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraconserved element phylogenomics and biogeography of the agriculturally important mason bee subgenus Osmia (Osmia)

Branstetter

Müller

Griswold

et al. 2021

Systematic Entomology

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One of the most important non‐Apis groups of bees for agriculture is the mason bee subgenus Osmia Panzer (Osmia), or Osmia s.s. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Out of the 29 known species, four have been developed as managed pollinators of orchards. In addition, the group is important as a source of non‐native pollinators, given that several species have been introduced into new areas. Osmia s.s. occurs naturally throughout the northern temperate zone with greatest species richness in Europe and Asia. Here, we integrate phylogenomic data from ultraconserved elements (UCEs), near complete taxon sampling, and a diversity of analytical approaches to infer the phylogeny, divergence times and biogeographic history of Osmia s.s. We also demonstrate how mitochondrial sequence data can be extracted from ultraconserved element data and combined with sequences from public repositories in order to test the phylogeny, examine species boundaries and identify specimen‐associated, non‐bee DNA. We resolve the phylogeny of Osmia s.s. and show strong support that Nearctic Osmia ribifloris is the sister group to the rest of the subgenus. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the group originated during the Late Miocene in the West Nearctic plus East Palearctic region following dispersal from the East Palearctic to the West Nearctic across the Bering land bridge prior to its closure 5.5–4.8 Ma. The mitochondrial DNA results reveal potential taxonomic synonymies involving Osmia yanbianensis and Osmia opima, and Osmia rufina, Osmia rufinoides and Osmia taurus.

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“…Future data collection during drought events in our system is needed to fill the knowledge gap regarding the identities of bee species that can remain dormant to avoid droughts, and, in the event of multi-year droughts, the number of consecutive years such species may remain dormant. Such knowledge may be critically necessary for proper interpretation of data collected in large-scale efforts to monitor bee populations (e.g., [ 83 ]), as the detected bee assemblage in flight may not reflect the true viable population of both active and dormant bees, especially in temperate xeric habitats in which the majority of the world’s bee biodiversity is concentrated [ 84 ]. We also caution that our results are generalizable only to the first two years of bee assemblage recovery after a drought event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Impacts of Drought and Habitat Fragmentation on Native Bee Assemblages in a California Biodiversity Hotspot

Hung

Sandoval

Ascher

et al. 2021

Insects

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Global climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, which could have serious repercussions for the maintenance of biodiversity. Here, we compare native bee assemblages collected via bowl traps before and after a severe drought event in 2014 in San Diego, California, and examine the relative magnitude of impacts from drought in fragmented habitat patches versus unfragmented natural reserves. Bee richness and diversity were higher in assemblages surveyed before the drought compared to those surveyed after the drought. However, bees belonging to the Lasioglossum subgenus Dialictus increased in abundance after the drought, driving increased representation by small-bodied, primitively eusocial, and generalist bees in post-drought assemblages. Conversely, among non-Dialictus bees, post-drought years were associated with decreased abundance and reduced representation by eusocial species. Drought effects were consistently greater in reserves, which supported more bee species, than in fragments, suggesting that fragmentation either had redundant impacts with drought, or ameliorated effects of drought by enhancing bees’ access to floral resources in irrigated urban environments. Shifts in assemblage composition associated with drought were three times greater compared to those associated with habitat fragmentation, highlighting the importance of understanding the impacts of large-scale climatic events relative to those associated with land use change.

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Global Patterns and Drivers of Bee Distribution

Cited by 213 publications

References 37 publications

Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees

Relaxation of purifying selection suggests low effective population size in eusocial Hymenoptera and solitary pollinating bees

Ultraconserved element phylogenomics and biogeography of the agriculturally important mason bee subgenus Osmia (Osmia)

Joint Impacts of Drought and Habitat Fragmentation on Native Bee Assemblages in a California Biodiversity Hotspot

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