Global negative effects of nutrient enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality

Ma, Xiaocui; Geng, Qinghong; Zhang, Huiguang; Bian, Chenyu; Chen, Han Y. H.; Jiang, Dalong; Xu, Xia

doi:10.1111/nph.17077

Cited by 107 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Indeed, δ15N is strongly positively correlated with NO 3 concentration in the soil and moderately with NH 4 , moisture and land-use intensity (Appendix S11). If interpreted as an indicator of more plant-available nitrogen in soils, the negative relationship between δ15N and the ‘outsourcing’ strategy is in line with the finding of reduced mycorrhizal colonization in response to nitrogen addition (Ma et al, 2020) and with our finding that ‘outsourcing’ communities tend to be on the ‘slow’ side of the ‘conservation’ gradient.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…As arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are known to help plants with the uptake of phosphorus, we expected that communities on soils with low phosphorus content would score high on the ‘collaboration’ gradient. Nitrogen addition generally decreases the degree of mycorrhizal colonization in conditions of high P availability and increases it under low P availability at the plot level (Ma et al, 2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could also help with nitrogen uptake under conditions of high phosphorus concentrations, with a possible negative relationship between N:P and mycorrhizal colonization rates (Blanke et al, 2005; Blanke et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, plants may have various strategies to deal with nutrient deficits and imbalances in soils. For example, it is likely that mycorrhizal collaboration becomes more important at soils with limited phosphorus (P) availability (Ma et al, 2020). Similarly the form of plant-available mineral soil nitrogen (ammonium versus nitrate) could also select for different belowground traits, as species vary in their preference for different forms of N (Weigelt, Bol, & Bardgett, 2005; Pornon, Escaravage, & Lamaze, 2007; Maire, Gross, Da Silveira Pontes, Picon-Cochard, & Soussana, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil conditions drive belowground trait space in temperate agricultural grasslands

Lachaise¹,

Bergmann²,

Hoelzel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Plant belowground organs perform essential functions, including water and nutrient uptake, anchorage, vegetative reproduction and recruitment of mutualistic soil microbiota. Determining how belowground traits jointly determine dimensions of the trait space and how these dimensions are linked to environmental conditions would further advance our understanding of plant functioning and community assembly.Here, we investigated belowground plant-trait dimensionality and its variation along 10 soil and land-use parameters in 150 temperate grasslands plots. We used eight belowground traits collected in greenhouse and common garden experiments, as well as bud-bank size and specific leaf area from databases, for a total of 313 species, to calculate community weighted means (CWMs).Using PCA, we found that about 55% of variance in CWMs was explained by two main dimensions, corresponding to a mycorrhizal ‘collaboration’ and a resource ‘conservation’ gradient. Frequently overlooked traits such as rooting depth, bud-bank size and root branching intensity were largely integrated in this bidimensional trait space. The two plant-strategy gradients were partially dependent on each other, with ‘outsourcing’ communities along the collaboration gradient being more often ‘slow’. These ‘outsourcing’ communities were also more often deep-rooting, and associated with soil parameters, such as low moisture and sand content, high topsoil pH, high C:N and low δ15N. ‘Slow’ communities had large bud-banks and were associated with low land-use intensity, high topsoil pH, and low nitrate but high ammonium concentrations in the soil. We did not find a substantial role of phosphorus-availability as an indicator along the ‘collaboration’ gradient.In conclusion, the ‘collaboration’ and ‘conservation’ gradients previously identified at the species level scale up to community level in grasslands, encompass more traits than previously described, and vary with the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Soil conditions drive belowground trait space in temperate agricultural grasslands

Lachaise¹,

Bergmann²,

Hoelzel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…It may be due to changes in soil nutrients that lead to the reduction or loss of some fungal species and enhance the dominance of certain AMF species (Camenzind et al, 2014). Furthermore, the enrichment of C and N may interfere with the long-term adaptability of AMF to soil environment, thereby reducing the diversity and evenness of AMF (Cotton, 2018;Ma et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diversity and Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at Different Elevations in Mt. Taibai of Qinling Mountain

et al. 2021

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) play a vital role in ecosystems, especially in ecosystem variability, diversity, and function. Understanding the AMF diversity, distribution, and their driver at different altitudinal gradients is a benefit for understanding the ecological function of AMF in mountain ecosystems. In this study, we explored the AMF molecular diversity and their distribution from 660 to 3,500 m a.s.l. in Mount Taibai of Qinling Mountains based on high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 702 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 103 species of AMF are isolated from soil samples, which belong to 18 identified and 1 unidentified genus in 10 families. The fungi in the genus of Glomus is the most dominant, with the occurrence frequency of 100% and the relative abundance of 42.268% and 33.048% on the species and OTU level, respectively. The AMF colonization in root could be simulated by a cubic function with the change of altitudes with the peak and trough at a.s.l. 1,170 and 2,850 m, respectively. Further, AMF diversity indices including Sob, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness also showed the same cubic function change trends with increasing altitude at OTU and species levels. However, the average values of diversity indices at OTU level are always higher than these at the species level. Based on the OTU level, the highest and lowest values of Shannon and Pielou indices are observed at the altitudes of 1,400 and 2,800 m, respectively. The pattern of AMF community distribution in Mt. Taibai is driven by altitude with the characteristics of more abundance in the medium- to low-altitude than high-altitude areas. In general, abundant AMF molecular diversity and species exit in different elevations of Mt. Taibai, which indicate gradient changes with elevations.

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“…There is a growing volume of manipulative studies analysing the response of MF to agents of global change such as increased nutrient deposition (Ma et al, 2020;Allen et al, 2016), increased precipitation (Augé 2001;Cheng et al, 2016) warming (Kilpeläinen et al, 2020;Heinemeyer et al, 2004) and plant invasion (Vogelsang and Bever, 2009;Duell et al, 2016). Conversely, plant-MF interactions have also been shown to shift along a mutualist-parasitic continuum due to changes within their environmental conditions (Johnson and Graham, 1997).…”

Section: Interactions Between Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterising the response of plant-mycorrhizal networks to a changing alpine environment

Wild¹

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<p>Anthropogenic climate change effects are particularly acute in alpine ecosystems. New Zealand’s alpine regions are experiencing climatic changes at higher than global mean rates, particularly warming and drying. These communities are also facing increasing rates of invasion by exotic plant species. Notably, multiple drivers of change, such as warming and invasion, have been evidenced to interact and facilitate greater ecosystem change. This is of particular concern as New Zealand's alpine plant communities are unique globally and represent national hotspots of biodiversity. Therefore there is a pressing need to understand how they may be affected by the independent and interactive drivers of global environmental change. Alpine plant species form ubiquitous and obligate symbiotic associations with mutualistic mycorrhizal fungi. Plant-mycorrhiza networks are foundational interactions that underpin the diversity and function of terrestrial communities. Plant-mycorrhiza networks are also particularly sensitive to temperature shifts and plant invasions. In this thesis, I investigate the independent and interactive effects of warming and the presence of an invasive species (Common Heather, Calluna vulgaris) on the fungal community composition and the network of mycorrhiza interactions of alpine plants in Tongariro National Park, New Zealand. I sampled the roots of plant species within the Warming and species Removal in Mountains (WaRM) experiment, a factorial combination of warming and Calluna vulgaris removals (n = 8 per treatment) established in TNP in 2015. The plant community at the site consists of plant species that form either arbuscular mycorrhizas or ericoid mycorrhizas. I selected the three most abundant plant species of each mycorrhizal type at the site scale for sampling in each of the 32 plots. DNA was extracted from plant roots, and the internal transcribed spacer of the fungal rRNA gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced on the Illumina Mi-seq platform. Sequence data was demultiplexed and fungal OTUs were identified using the PIPITS pipeline, referencing the UNITE fungal database. In my second chapter, I consider plant species and treatment effects on the diversity and community composition of mycorrhizal fungi. I found WaRM treatments were significant determinants of mycorrhizal compositions in host plant species. Warming simultaneously increased the mycorrhizal fungal diversity and richness of invasive Calluna vulgaris and reduced that of the native host plant species. In chapter 3, using network analyses from the bipartite package of R, I constructed 32 plant mycorrhizal networks of the plot sampled and calculated metrics pertaining to properties of network structure and robustness at the whole network, trophic-level and species/mycorrhizal fungal OTU scales. I then examined the responses of these metrics to the WaRM treatments. I found that warming significantly reduced the robustness of native plant-mycorrhizal networks and increased the strength of the interaction network associated with invasive C. vulgaris. The removal of C. vulgaris had a secondary effect on how mycorrhizal fungal compositions and interaction networks responded to warming. As a generalist C. vulgaris was critical for the ongoing diversity of ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, particularly under warming. However, C. vulgaris simultaneously suppressed the mycorrhizal interaction- networks of native plant species, which further fragmented under warming. I conclude that warming and the presence of invasive C. vulgaris synergistically reduced and decentralised the native plant-mycorrhizal interactions within the network. In summary, my thesis demonstrates the below-ground interactions of alpine plant communities are destabilising under multiple interacting drivers of global environmental change.</p>

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Global negative effects of nutrient enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality

Cited by 107 publications

References 136 publications

Soil conditions drive belowground trait space in temperate agricultural grasslands

Soil conditions drive belowground trait space in temperate agricultural grasslands

Molecular Diversity and Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi at Different Elevations in Mt. Taibai of Qinling Mountain

Characterising the response of plant-mycorrhizal networks to a changing alpine environment

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