Global Motion Perception in 2-Year-Old Children: A Method for Psychophysical Assessment and Relationships With Clinical Measures of Visual Function

Yu, Tzu-Ying; Jacobs, Robert J.; Anstice, Nicola; Paudel, Nabin; Harding, Jane E.; Thompson, Benjamin; Team, Chyld Study

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13051

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Dorsal visual pathway function was measured from optokinetic reflex responses to random dot kinematograms of varying coherence, as previously reported 18 . A motion coherence threshold corresponding to 63% correct was determined from a Weibull fit to the proportion of correct responses at different coherence levels…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome at 2 Years after Dextrose Gel Treatment for Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial

Harris

Alsweiler

Ansell

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To determine neurodevelopmental outcome at two years’ corrected age in children randomized to treatment with dextrose gel or placebo for hypoglycemia soon after birth (The Sugar Babies Study). Study design This was a follow-up study of 184 children who had been hypoglycemic (< 2.6mM [45 mg/dL]) in the first 48 hours and randomized to either dextrose (90/118, 76%) or placebo gel (94/119, 79%). Assessments were performed at Kahikatea House, Hamilton, New Zealand, and included neurological function and general health (Pediatrician assessed), cognitive, language, behaviour and motor skills (Bayley-III), executive function (clinical assessment and BRIEF-P), and vision (clinical examination and global motion perception). Co-primary outcomes were neurosensory impairment (cognitive, language or motor score below −1 SD or cerebral palsy or blind or deaf) and processing difficulty (executive function or global motion perception worse than 1.5 SD from the mean). Statistical tests were two sided with 5% significance level. Results Mean (±SD) birth weight was 3093 ± 803 g and mean gestation was 37.7 ±1.6 weeks. Sixty-six children (36%) had neurosensory impairment (1 severe, 6 moderate, 59 mild) with similar rates in both groups (dextrose 38% vs. placebo 34%, RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.75–1.63). Processing difficulty was also similar between groups (dextrose 10% vs. placebo 18%, RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.23–1.15). Conclusions Dextrose gel is safe for treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia, but neurosensory impairment is common amongst these children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome at 2 Years after Dextrose Gel Treatment for Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial

Harris

Alsweiler

Ansell

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…Vision screening included unaided binocular visual acuity measurement (Cardiff Acuity Cards), stereopsis (Lang Stereotests), alignment and motility (including cover test, 20 Δ base-out test), and non-cycloplegic autorefraction (Suresight ™ Autorefractor, Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) [28]. A Vision Impairment Score assigned one point for each of the following: internal or external ocular health problem, strabismus, abnormal motility, absence of stereopsis, binocular visual acuity worse than 0.5 logMAR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[28] In brief, RDK stimuli created in Matlab (MathWorks, Matick, MA) were presented within a circular aperture (radius 8.3°) on a cathode ray tube and consisted of 250 white dots (138 cd/m 2 , diameter 0.5°, speed of 8°/s) on a grey background (42 cd/m2, dot density = 1.16 dots/deg 2 ). Signal dot direction (left or right) was randomized and noise dots had a random direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequence was repeated until the child could no longer be encouraged to look at the monitor. Eye movements were recorded at 50 Hz using a high definition camera (Sony HDR-CX7EK; Sony Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and motion coherence threshold corresponding to 63% correct was determined from a Weibull fit to the proportion of correct responses at different coherence levels [28]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global motion perception is associated with motor function in 2-year-old children

Thompson

McKinlay

Chakraborty

et al. 2017

Neuroscience Letters

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The dorsal visual processing stream that includes V1, motion sensitive area V5 and the posterior parietal lobe, supports visually guided motor function. Two recent studies have reported associations between global motion perception, a behavioural measure of processing in V5, and motor function in pre-school and school aged children. This indicates a relationship between visual and motor development and also supports the use of global motion perception to assess overall dorsal stream function in studies of human neurodevelopment. We investigated whether associations between vision and motor function were present at 2 years of age, a substantially earlier stage of development. The Bayley III test of Infant and Toddler Development and measures of vision including visual acuity (Cardiff Acuity Cards), stereopsis (Lang stereotest) and global motion perception were attempted in 404 2-year-old children (± 4 weeks). Global motion perception (quantified as a motion coherence threshold) was assessed by observing optokinetic nystagmus in response to random dot kinematograms of varying coherence. Linear regression revealed that global motion perception was modestly, but statistically significantly associated with Bayley III composite motor (r2 = 0.06, p < 0.001, n = 375) and gross motor scores (r2 = 0.06, p < 0.001, n = 375). The associations remained significant when language score was included in the regression model. In addition, when language score was included in the model, stereopsis was significantly associated with composite motor and fine motor scores, but unaided visual acuity was not statistically significantly associated with any of the motor scores. These results demonstrate that global motion perception and binocular vision are associated with motor function at an early stage of development. Global motion perception can be used as a partial measure of dorsal stream function from early childhood.

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“…Similarly, examiners can come up with their own version of the name of things for the stimulus that is familiar to the child. Some previous researchers have successfully gamified visual psychophysics tests such as designing the whole platform of the testing into a rocketship(6), using a pacman based stimuli to assess contrast sensitivity and visual acuity(7), and using animated videos in between sessions of tests for global motion perception (5). Researchers can come up with other interesting ideas in order to grab children's attention depending upon the type of visual function they want to measure and the time available to them.…”

Section: Computer-based Visual Psychophysics Testing In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing vision in young children: Communication skills

Paudel

2017

Preprint

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Measurement of visual functions is critical to the detection and diagnosis of eye disease, particularly in children where eliciting symptomology can be challenging. An effective practitioner-patient relationship is crucial in optometric practice and has numerous benefits such as increased satisfaction, good compliance to assessment and treatment. The aim of this work is to share my experience of assessing visual functions (visual acuity, stereopsis, and computer-based visual psychophysical testing) in infants and children. I will discuss some unique strategies in order gain attention of children ranging from infants to preschoolers. The importance of the waiting area, use of colorful toys, appropriate use of tests and language are a few among many strategies for getting through a pediatric vision assessment. Based on my 9 years experience as a pediatric optometrist and a child vision researcher, these approaches has been quite successful in conducting hundreds of pediatric vision assessments. A friendly clinician equipped with interesting age appropriate tests and colorful toys along with some essential communication skills can easily conduct a thorough and efficient pediatric vision assessment.

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Global Motion Perception in 2-Year-Old Children: A Method for Psychophysical Assessment and Relationships With Clinical Measures of Visual Function

Abstract: Global motion perception can be measured in 2-year-old children using the OKR. This technique is reliable and data from adults suggest that motion coherence thresholds based on the OKR are related to motion perception. Global motion perception was related to stereoacuity in children.

Cited by 28 publications

References 104 publications

Outcome at 2 Years after Dextrose Gel Treatment for Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial

Outcome at 2 Years after Dextrose Gel Treatment for Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial

Global motion perception is associated with motor function in 2-year-old children

Assessing vision in young children: Communication skills

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