Global model simulation of summertime U.S. ozone diurnal cycle and its sensitivity to PBL mixing, spatial resolution, and emissions

Lin, Jintai; Youn, Daeok; Liang, Xin; Wuebbles, Donald J.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.012

Cited by 98 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We detrended the time series of ozone and climate indices with linear fit for a subsequent statistical analysis; detrending the ozone time series removed the effects of continuously rising Asian emissions and declining US emissions Lin et al, 2008a;Huang et al, 2008;Cooper et al, 2010;Simon et al, 2015;Jhun et al, 2015;Verstraeten et al, 2015;Lin et al, 2017). Figure 6a-c show the time series of detrended annual AMONI, AMO, and ONI indices between 1990 and 2014, in comparison with the detrended ozone data.…”

Section: Relationship Between Detrended Ozone and Climate Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone trends over the United States at different times of day

Yan

Lin

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. In the United States, the decline of summertime daytime peak ozone in the last 20 years has been clearly connected to reductions in anthropogenic emissions. However, questions remain about how and through what mechanisms ozone at other times of day have changed over recent decades. Here we analyze the interannual variability and trends of ozone at different hours of day, using observations from about 1000 US sites during 1990-2014. We find a clear diurnal cycle both in the magnitude of ozone trends and in the relative importance of climate variability versus anthropogenic emissions to ozone changes. Interannual climate variability has mainly been associated with the detrended fluctuation in the US annual daytime ozone over 1990-2014, with a much smaller effect on the nighttime ozone. Reductions in anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides have led to substantial growth in the US annual average nighttime ozone due to reduced ozone titration, while the summertime daytime ozone has declined. Environmental policymaking might consider further improvements to reduce ozone levels at night and other non-peak hours.

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Section: Relationship Between Detrended Ozone and Climate Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone trends over the United States at different times of day

Yan

Lin

2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…It incorporates a full stratosphere, including the chemistry of chlorine species (Cl y ) and bromine species (Br y ) important to stratospheric ozone as well as updated hydrogen, nitrogen, and hydrocarbon oxidation chemistry relevant to stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry included in its predecessor model MOZART version 2 Lin et al, 2008). State-of-the-art representations of relevant heterogeneous and physical processes for winter/spring polar vortex related to ozone destruction are also fully included in the model.…”

Section: Modeling Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF<sub>3</sub>I and CH<sub>3</sub>I on atmospheric ozone: a three-dimensional modeling study

Youn¹,

Patten²,

Wuebbles³

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The concept of Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODPs) is extensively used in policy considerations related to concerns about the effects of various halocarbons and other gases on stratospheric ozone. Many of the recent candidate replacement compounds have atmospheric lifetimes shorter than one year in order to limit their environmental effects, especially on stratospheric ozone. Using a three-dimensional global chemistry-transport model (CTM) of the troposphere and the stratosphere, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential effects of several very short-lived iodinated substances, namely iodotrifluoromethane (CF 3 I) and methyl iodide (CH 3 I), on atmospheric ozone. Like other chemicals with extremely short lifetimes, the stratospheric halogen loading and resulting ozone effects from these compounds are strongly dependent on the location of emissions. For CF 3 I, a possible replacement candidate for bromotrifluoromethane (CF 3 Br), ODPs derived by the three-dimensional model are 0.008 with chemical lifetime of 5.03 days and 0.016 with a lifetime of 1.13 days for emissions assumed to be evenly distributed over land surfaces at mid-latitudes and the tropics, respectively. While this is the first time the ODPs have been evaluated with a three-dimensional model, these values are in good agreement with those derived previously. The model calculations suggest that tropical convection could deliver a larger portion of the gas and their breakdown products to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere if emission source is located in the tropics. The resulting ODP for CH 3 I, emitted from mid-latitudes, is 0.017 with lifetime of 13.59 days. Valid simulations of convective transport, vertical mixing and degradation chemistry of Correspondence to: D. J. Wuebbles (wuebbles@atmos.uiuc.edu) CH 3 I are shown that have good qualitative agreement between the model derived distribution of background CH 3 I, based on global source emission fluxes from previous studies, and available observations especially in vertical profiles.

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“…We evaluated the aviationinduced perturbations of gases and aerosols in the boundary layer. However, as discussed in Lin et al (2008), our model's horizontal resolution is too coarse to simulate boundary layer ozone in some regions with large subgridcell heterogeneity. In addition, impacts of aviation emissions in sub-grid scale, such as highly concentrated ground emissions near major airports, are averaged over the entire grid cell area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of aircraft emissions on the air quality near the ground

et al. 2013

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The continuing increase in demand for commercial aviation transport raises questions about the effects of resulting emissions on the environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate, using a global chemistry transport model, to what extent aviation emissions outside the boundary layer influence air quality in the boundary layer. The large-scale effects of current levels of aircraft emissions were studied through comparison of multiple simulations allowing for the separated effects of aviation emissions occurring in the low, middle and upper troposphere. We show that emissions near cruise altitudes (9–11 km in altitude) rather than emissions during landing and take-off are responsible for most of the total odd-nitrogen (NO_y), ozone (O₃) and aerosol perturbations near the ground with a noticeable seasonal difference. Overall, the perturbations of these species are smaller than 1 ppb even in winter when the perturbations are greater than in summer. Based on the widely used air quality standards and uncertainty of state-of-the-art models, we conclude that aviation-induced perturbations have a negligible effect on air quality even in areas with heavy air traffic. Aviation emissions lead to a less than 1% aerosol enhancement in the boundary layer due to a slight increase in ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) during cold seasons and a statistically insignificant aerosol perturbation in summer. In addition, statistical analysis using probability density functions, Hellinger distance, and p value indicate that aviation emissions outside the boundary layer do not affect the occurrence of extremely high aerosol concentrations in the boundary layer. An additional sensitivity simulation assuming the doubling of surface ammonia emissions demonstrates that the aviation induced aerosol increase near the ground is highly dependent on background ammonia concentrations whose current range of uncertainty is large

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Global model simulation of summertime U.S. ozone diurnal cycle and its sensitivity to PBL mixing, spatial resolution, and emissions

Cited by 98 publications

References 48 publications

Ozone trends over the United States at different times of day

Ozone trends over the United States at different times of day

Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF<sub>3</sub>I and CH<sub>3</sub>I on atmospheric ozone: a three-dimensional modeling study

Impacts of aircraft emissions on the air quality near the ground

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Global model simulation of summertime U.S. ozone diurnal cycle and its sensitivity to PBL mixing, spatial resolution, and emissions

Cited by 98 publications

References 48 publications

Ozone trends over the United States at different times of day

Ozone trends over the United States at different times of day

Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;I and CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;I on atmospheric ozone: a three-dimensional modeling study

Impacts of aircraft emissions on the air quality near the ground

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Potential impact of iodinated replacement compounds CF<sub>3</sub>I and CH<sub>3</sub>I on atmospheric ozone: a three-dimensional modeling study