Global‐MHD Simulations Using MagPIE: Impact of Flux Transfer Events on the Ionosphere

Abstract

This study presents a recently developed two‐way coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere model named “MagPIE” that enables the investigation of the impact of flux transfer events (FTEs) on the ionosphere. Our findings highlight the prominent role of cusp‐FTE reconnection in influencing the ionosphere. The typical morphology of an FTE signal, represented by field‐aligned currents (FACs) on the ionosphere, is shown to exhibit a distinct pattern characterized by an “I”‐shaped patch surrounded by a “U”‐shaped patch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the effects of FACs resulting from FTEs may extend well into the region of closed field lines on the ionosphere. These FACs are seen to exhibit a remarkable resemblance to discrete dayside auroral arcs, providing further evidence that FTEs can be considered as a probable cause of such phenomena. Additionally, FTEs generate vortex‐like patterns of ionospheric flow, which can manifest as either twin vortices or a combination of multiple vortices, depending on the characteristics of the FACs producing them. Furthermore, we present compelling evidence of morphological similarities between the simulated ionospheric signatures obtained from the MagPIE model and an observation made by the SWARM satellites. The agreement between our model and observational data further strengthens the credibility of our model and opens up new avenues to theoretically explore the complex ionospheric effects caused by FTEs.