Global methylation in eutherian hybrids

Roemer, Irmgard; Grützner, Frank; Winking, Heinz; Haaf, Thomas; Orth, Annie; Skidmore, Lulu; Antczak, Doug F.; Fundele, Reinald

doi:10.1038/43607

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The former method reveals distribution of all methylated cytosines, while the latter detects methylated cytosines only at C m CGG on the basis of different characteristics of methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme HapII and its methylation-insensitive isoschizomer, MspI (Waalwijk and Flavell, 1978). Assessments of cytosine methylation by the in situ nick-translation on the metaphase chromosomes have been successfully done in animals (O'Neill et al, 1998;Roemer et al, 1999), demonstrating that it is useful for detection of methylation of the CG dinucleotides at the microscopic level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation and histone modification in onion chromosomes

et al. 2010

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Onion, Allium cepa, is a model plant for experimental observation of somatic cell division, whose mitotic chromosome is extremely large, and contains the characteristic terminal heterochromatin. Epigenetic status of the onion chromosome is a matter of deep interest from a molecular cytogenetic point of view, because epigenetic marks regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Here we examined chromosomal distribution of DNA methylation and histone modification in A. cepa in order to reveal the chromatin structure in detail. Immunodetection of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and in situ nick-translation analysis showed that onion genomic DNA was highly methylated, and the methylated CG dinucleotides were distributed in entire chromosomes. In addition, distributions of histone methylation codes, which occur in close association with DNA methylation, were similar to those of other large genome species. From these results, a highly heterochromatic and less euchromatic state of large onion chromosomes were demonstrated at an epigenetic level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA methylation and histone modification in onion chromosomes

et al. 2010

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“…Changes in DNA methylation have been observed in allopolyploids in Arabidopsis (Madlung et al 2002), wheat (Shaked et al 2001), cotton (Salmon et al 2005), and Brassica (Gaeta et al 2007) and in interspecific hybrids in marsupials (O'Neill et al 1998), although global methylation changes in eutherian hybrids are debatable (Roemer et al 1999). Reduction in DNA methylation may result in activation of transposons and other genes in interspecific hybrids or allopolyploids (Lee and Chen 2001;Madlung et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi of met1 Reduces DNA Methylation and Induces Genome-Specific Changes in Gene Expression and Centromeric Small RNA Accumulation in Arabidopsis Allopolyploids

Chen

Lackey

et al. 2008

Genetics

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Changes in genome structure and gene expression have been documented in both resynthesized and natural allopolyploids that contain two or more divergent genomes. The underlying mechanisms for rapid and stochastic changes in gene expression are unknown. Arabidopsis suecica is a natural allotetraploid derived from the extant A. thaliana and A. arenosa genomes that are homeologous in the allotetraploid. Here we report that RNAi of met1 reduced DNA methylation and altered the expression of $200 genes, many of which encode transposons, predicted proteins, and centromeric and heterochromatic RNAs. Reduced DNA methylation occurred frequently in promoter regions of the upregulated genes, and an En/Spm-like transposon was reactivated in met1-RNAi A. suecica lines. Derepression of transposons, heterochromatic repeats, and centromeric small RNAs was primarily derived from the A. thaliana genome, and A. arenosa homeologous loci were less affected by methylation defects. A high level of A. thaliana centromeric small RNA accumulation was correlated with hypermethylation of A. thaliana centromeres. The greater effects of reduced DNA methylation on transposons and centromeric repeats in A. thaliana than in A. arenosa are consistent with the repression of many genes that are expressed at higher levels in A. thaliana than in A. arenosa in the resynthesized allotetraploids. Moreover, non-CG (CC) methylation in the promoter region of A. thaliana At2g23810 remained in the resynthesized allotetraploids, and the methylation spread within the promoter region in natural A. suecica, leading to silencing of At2g23810. At2g23810 was demethylated and reactivated in met1-RNAi A. suecica lines. We suggest that many A. thaliana genes are transcriptionally repressed in resynthesized allotetraploids, and a subset of A. thaliana loci including transposons and centromeric repeats are heavily methylated and subjected to homeologous genome-specific RNA-mediated DNA methylation in natural allopolyploids.

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“…In recent years there has been much interest in the scientific and popular media following the birth of a camel-llama hybrid in Dubai (Gee, 1999;Roemer et al, 1999;Skidmore et al, 1999;Wright, 1999;Taylor, 2000). This was the first viable hybridization between the Old and New world camelids , and the result of 50 attempts to produce a cross between species that diverged 11 million years ago (Stanley et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%