Global maximum power point tracking based on new extremum seeking control scheme

Abstract

A new perturbed-based extremum seeking control (PESC) scheme is proposed in this paper to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). The PESC scheme has two control loops based on power of the photovoltaic (PV) array: the first loop operates as usually to track the maximum power point and the second sweeps all local MPPs to locate the GMPP. Once the GMPP is located based on its uniqueness (after the PV pattern is quickly scanned many times, depending on the PV pattern's profile), the GMPP is accurately tracked based on first control loop. The used PV patterns have the profile of the PV power characteristics obtained for PV array under partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This PESC scheme is proposed to track the GMPP in the PV applications, but also in other multimodal problems from industry, being a good motif to revive the specialists' interest for the extremum seeking control field. The results obtained here are very promising for both search speed and tracking accuracy performances of the GMPP under different PSCs simulated on the PV array. Thus, the energy efficiency of PV array controlled with the proposed PESC scheme will increase with more than 1.2% in comparison with that obtained with the other MPP algorithms because of better performance shown by this PESC scheme. A 99.6% tracking accuracy is obtained here in comparison with a maximum 98.4% tracking accuracy reported in the literature. Furthermore, 100% hit and high search speed are obtained here for the GMPP localization.

Aircraft Trajectory Tracking Using Radar Equipment with Fuzzy Logic Algorithm

“…This increases as the aircraft is more maneuverable. Due to the flight angle and the ability to make sudden changes of direction, these aircraft are much more difficult to detect in the conditions in which they perform maneuvers [45][46][47]. It should be noted that the probability of losing a target over the course of several successive scans is actually quite high.…”

“…The tracking method based on the extremum seeking control proposed in [45], which was tested in [45,46] for tracking the global extremes, may be used for the aircraft trajectory tracking considering the advantage of adaptive tracking loop.…”

Experimental Comparison of Three Real-Time Optimization Strategies Applied to Renewable/FC-Based Hybrid Power Systems Based on Load-Following Control

“…A comparative study of the ES-based RTO strategies is presented in [33,34]. The global ES (GES) algorithm tracks the global Maximum Power Point (MPP) instead of local MPP, improving with more than 30% the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) system [35][36][37]. The GES algorithm [35] uses two BPFs instead of one BPF [36].…”

“…The global ES (GES) algorithm tracks the global Maximum Power Point (MPP) instead of local MPP, improving with more than 30% the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) system [35][36][37]. The GES algorithm [35] uses two BPFs instead of one BPF [36]. The design rules for the GES algorithms are detailed in [37].…”

Optimize of the long-term supply for a detection, vibration monitoring and recognition of the critical infrastructure protection system

“…Normally, it is a single maximum for the power characteristic called Maximum Power Point (MPP), at which the PV system operates with maximum efficiency, generating the maximum power to supply the load. If the PV modules are integrated in large array, more local extremes can appear in case of partial shading conditions, besides the global extreme [6][7]. This problem can be analyzed with MPPT adaptive algorithms [8].…”