Global Mapping of Optometry Workforce

Abstract

BACKGROUND:The growing global burden of vision impairment makes it imperative that there are appropriately trained human resources. Optometrists play a critical role in alleviating this burden, but the low number of optometrists available or the numbers in different countries has always been a challenge for eye care planning. Despite this, there have been limited studies conducted to quantify the deficits in the number of optometrists globally. Methods:A standardised English language questionnaire was used in this cross-sectional study to determine the number and distribution of optometrists globally between February 2017 and May 2020. The survey was translated where necessary and completed by key informants. Using the World Council of Optometry’s scope of practice guidelines, optometrists were defined at levels 2 to 4. Optometrist-to-population ratios were calculated for all countries and regions and compared to targets of 1:50 000 (in developing contexts) or 1:10 000 (in developed contexts).Results:An overall response rate of 80.9% was achieved with responses from 123 of the 152 countries invited. Most (40.7%) key informants were academics. The total number of optometrists across 21 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) regions was 331,781 as of 2019. Sixty-six (53.7%) of 123 countries met the 1:50,000 Optometrist-to-population ratio. A strong (r=0.7) direct positive relationship existed between age-standardised prevalences of blindness and mild- and severe-vision impairment and optometrist-to-population ratios. Strong inverse relationships were observed between country GDP and optometrist-to-population ratio.Conclusion:High-income countries met the target for optometrist-to-patient ratios, while low-to-, middle-income countries and low-income countries did not meet the targets. Low optometrist-to-patient ratios were strongly associated with a higher magnitude of blindness and vision impairment.

Validation of a simple-to-use, affordable, portable, wavefront aberrometry-based auto refractometer in the adult population: A prospective study

“…A simple and economical solution for the correction of refractive errors is the use of glasses which are largely accepted [4]. Obtaining a prescription for glasses poses a substantial issue due to the shortage of qualified eyecare professionals [5]. Autorefractors have long been utilized in clinics to improve work-flow efficiency.…”

Bibliometric Analysis of Ophthalmic Journals

“…The predominance of ophthalmology institutions in Table 3 compared with other ophthalmic disciplines such as optometry is consistent with the greater number of ophthalmology journals, long-standing medical foundations, and the broad, highly funded medical research base of ophthalmology, despite there being fewer ophthalmologists (n = 232 866) than optometrists (n = 331 781) worldwide.…”

Geographic access to eye health services in Aotearoa New Zealand: which communities are being left behind?

“…25 In 2018, New Zealand had 743 practicing optometrists 26 and 135 ophthalmologists, 13 equating to practitioner to population ratios of 15.2 per 100,000 for optometrists and 2.8 per 100,000 for ophthalmologists, which is low relative to other high-income countries. 27,28 As for other health workers, eye health practitioners in New Zealand tend to be concentrated in urban areas due to a variety of personal, professional, organisational, economic and cultural factors. 29 Optometrists tend to operate in close proximity to people in small/medium in addition to major/large urban centres, covering 84.0% of the population.…”