Global Macadamia Science: Overview of the Special Section

Hardner, Craig; Wall, Marisa M.; Cho, Alyssa

doi:10.21273/hortsci13543-18

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Previous research has suggested that new generation (refers to distinct period of varietal development) macadamia varieties (NGMV) with enhanced yield potential and improved resilience to pests and diseases can elevate smallholder productivity [14,15]. These NGMVs are higher yielding (� 45 kg tree -1 year -1 ) than old generation varieties (OGMVs), which yield less than 30 kg tree -1 year -1 [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmer preference for macadamia varieties and constraints to production in Malawi

Zuza,

Araya,

Maseyk

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Macadamia nuts constitute a vital component of both nutrition and livelihoods for smallholder producers in Malawi. We conducted a comprehensive mixed-methods study, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses, to explore varietal preferences and production challenges among these farmers. Leveraging cross-sectional data from 144 members of the Highlands Macadamia Cooperative Union Limited, our study underscores several significant findings. Our findings reveal that the majority of smallholder macadamia farmers (62%) are aged over 50, with farming as their primary occupation. Varied preferences are driven by yield-related traits, including high yield potential (38%), nut quality (29%), and extended flowering patterns (15%). Among the macadamia varieties, the top five choices, grown by over half of the farmers, include HAES 660 (18%), 800 (10%), 791 (9%), 816 (8%), and 246 (7%). Additionally, our study identifies five primary constraints faced by smallholder macadamia farmers: insect pests (81%), diseases (34%), limited market access (33%), wind damage (25%), and inadequate agricultural advisory services (17%). Based on these findings, we propose two policy recommendations to enhance smallholder macadamia production and productivity in Malawi and other regions. Specifically, we advocate for informed breeding programs that align with farmer preferences to promote greater adoption of macadamia varieties. Additionally, we emphasize the crucial role of the Malawian government in the macadamia value chain, suggesting active participation in providing extension services and marketing support, akin to its support for other cash crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmer preference for macadamia varieties and constraints to production in Malawi

Zuza,

Araya,

Maseyk

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Life 2021, 11, 1431 2 of 18 90% of China's total production comes from just Yunnan and Guangxi province [7]. The research knowledge related to breeding tools, nutrition management, disease management, processing methods, and product development is fundamental for the rapid devolvement of the macadamia oil industry around the world [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Transcriptome and Lipidomic Analyses of Lipid Biosynthesis in Macadamia ternifolia Nuts

Shi

Bai²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Life

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Macadamia nuts are considered a high-quality oil crop worldwide. To date, the lipid diversity and the genetic factors that mediate storage lipid biosynthesis in Macadamia ternifolia are poorly known. Here, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic and lipidomic data analysis to understand the mechanism of lipid biosynthesis by using young, medium-aged, and mature fruit kernels. Our lipidomic analysis showed that the M. ternifolia kernel was a rich source of unsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, different species of triacylglycerols, diacylglycerol, ceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidic acid had altered accumulations during the developmental stages. The transcriptome analysis revealed a large percentage of differently expressed genes during the different stages of macadamia growth. Most of the genes with significant differential expression performed functional activity of oxidoreductase and were enriched in the secondary metabolite pathway. The integration of lipidomic and transcriptomic data allowed for the identification of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, diacylglycerol kinase, phosphatidylinositols, nonspecific phospholipase C, pyruvate kinase 2, 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase, and linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase as putative candidate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, storage, and oil quality. Our study found comprehensive datasets of lipidomic and transcriptomic changes in the developing kernel of M. ternifolia. In addition, the identification of candidate genes provides essential prerequisites to understand the molecular mechanism of lipid biosynthesis in the kernel of M. ternifolia.

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“…Macadamia is a genus in the Proteaceae family and grows naturally in the subtropical rainforest of eastern Australia (Hardner et al, 2019). Macadamia integrifolia , M .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macadamia is a genus in the Proteaceae family and grows naturally in the subtropical rainforest of eastern Australia (Hardner et al, 2019). Macadamia integrifolia, M. tetraphylla, and their hybrids are cultivated for their high-value edible cream to white coloured nut in frost-free subtropical and tropical regions globally (Wallace & Walton, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular methods for the detection and quantification of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis inoculum associated with macadamia

2021

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Pestalotiopsis blight and leaf spot in macadamia are caused by species of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis. Conidia produced by these pathogens are mostly dispersed by wind and rain splash and are the primary infecting propagules. Rapid detection and quantification of airborne conidia are essential to determine the seasonal dynamics of inoculum and critical infection periods in macadamia orchards. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) using a new primer pair and a hydrolysis probe was developed to detect and quantify airborne conidia of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis species. The amplification efficiency of the qPCR was 96.4% and the assay had a limit of detection of 400 fg of Pestalotiopsis/Neopestalotiopsis gDNA, which corresponds to approximately 10 conidia. The qPCR assay coupled with spore trapping was used to monitor airborne conidia dispersal under field conditions. The results showed that the assay is specific and sensitive for detecting and quantifying Pestalotiopsis/Neopestalotiopsis conidia in macadamia orchards. The detection and quantification of the pathogen inoculum will improve our understanding of disease epidemiology and the ability to manage these diseases in macadamia.

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Global Macadamia Science: Overview of the Special Section

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Farmer preference for macadamia varieties and constraints to production in Malawi

Farmer preference for macadamia varieties and constraints to production in Malawi

Combined Transcriptome and Lipidomic Analyses of Lipid Biosynthesis in Macadamia ternifolia Nuts

Molecular methods for the detection and quantification of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis inoculum associated with macadamia

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