Global lessons from successful rhinoceros conservation in Nepal

Aryal, Achyut; Acharya, Krishna Prasad; Shrestha, Uttam Babu; Dhakal, Maheshwar; Raubenhiemer, David; Wright, Wendy

doi:10.1111/cobi.12894

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, we suggest a perceptual gap-narrowing approach based on staged interactions with the rural environment. Communicating about wildlife management or rural areas or creating new income-generating activities related to natural resource management would change their relationship [56,57]. For example, attendance in agri-tourism activities could allow urban stakeholders to experience and obtain diverse information on rural areas and wildlife.…”

Section: Involvement Of Urban Individuals In Wildlife Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Gaps in Perception of Wildlife between Urban and Rural Inhabitants: Empirical Evidence from Japan

2019

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A decline in natural resource management by rural communities has significantly contributed to human–wildlife conflicts, especially crop-raiding, in Japan. Collaborative wildlife management between existing rural stakeholders and new urban stakeholders is essential to address this problem. However, differences in the perception regarding wildlife exist between rural populations, which have ample direct experience with wildlife, and urban populations, which lack direct experience with wildlife. Consequently, this gap in perception can potentially lead to conflicts between stakeholders during collaborative wildlife management. In this study, content analysis, which has been extensively employed to analyze qualitative data, was performed to elucidate the differences in perception of wildlife between urban and rural stakeholders. An online survey was conducted in December 2016 to understand the perception of wildlife by stakeholders, in which 1401 responses were received. The results indicate that the urban individuals did not have a comprehensive understanding of wildlife and any positive views were primarily abstract. Conversely, rural individuals had diverse perceptions, both positive and negative. Therefore, a novel perceptual gap-narrowing approach based on staged interactions with the rural environment, is suggested. Introduction to rural issues through field-based experiences to urban stakeholders is likely to the narrow gaps in perception between urban and rural stakeholders, in order to allow for efficient and collaborative wildlife management.

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Section: Involvement Of Urban Individuals In Wildlife Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Gaps in Perception of Wildlife between Urban and Rural Inhabitants: Empirical Evidence from Japan

2019

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“…In some cases, enforcement has even involved extralegal violence in the name of conservation (Warren & Baker, 2019). Collectively, these strategies have reportedly improved conservation outcomes, resulting in a “zero poaching year” in Chitwan National Park (Aryal et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation enforcement: Insights from people incarcerated for wildlife crimes in Nepal

Paudel¹,

Potter

Phelps

2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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There are long-standing debates about the effectiveness and social impacts of enforcement-based conservation, particularly as investments into enforcement increase in response to growing alarm about Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT). However, there is little data on the people subject to this enforcement, including prison sentences, species targeted, what motivates and deters them, and the social impacts of enforcement. This study identified 384 individuals across Nepal who were in prison for IWT offences in late 2016, and involved interviews (n = 116) focused on respondents' trade practices, economic circumstances and motivations. IWT prisoners represented 10-20% of the total prison populations in two regions and often received stiff sanctions, with a range of downstream impacts on respondents' families. Most respondents were arrested for their involvement in the rhinoceros trade (61%). Most were poor (56%) and from indigenous communities (75%), highlighting potentially inequitable impacts of enforcement. Despite common assumptions about the links between IWT, poverty and organized crime, most respondents were motivated by the desire to earn extra income and by the ease of IWT compared to other employment. IWT was neither a primary livelihood strategy, nor had the attributes for formal organized crime. Respondents, particularly poor respondents, seemed to underestimate the risks of detection and incompletely understood the scale of sanctions. Improved public awareness about the scale and social impacts of sanctions could help increase deterrence effects while reducing unintended social harms of enforcement. K E Y W O R D Sconservation criminology, deterrence, enforcement, wildlife trade

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“…Although conserving large wide‐ranging species protects co‐occurring species (Andelman & Fagan ), rhinoceros populations are disjunctly protected across several PAs in India and Nepal (Aryal et al. ). Fifty percent of the Asiatic elephant's EH range is protected, but this may be inadequate due to their long‐distance migration (Koirala et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying conservation priorities for threatened Eastern Himalayan mammals

Dorji

Rajaratnam

Falconi

et al. 2018

Conservation Biology

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To augment mammal conservation in the Eastern Himalayan region, we assessed the resident 255 terrestrial mammal species and identified the 50 most threatened species based on conservation status, endemism, range size, and evolutionary distinctiveness. By using the spatial analysis package letsR and the complementarity core-area method in the conservation planning software Zonation, we assessed the current efficacy of their protection and identified priority conservation areas by comparing protected areas (PAs), land cover, and global ecoregion 2017 maps at a 100 × 100 m spatial scale. The 50 species that were most threatened, geographically restricted, and evolutionarily distinct faced a greater extinction risk than globally nonthreatened and wide-ranging species and species with several close relatives. Small, medium-sized, and data-deficient species faced extinction from inadequate protection in PAs relative to wide-ranging charismatic species. There was a mismatch between current PA distribution and priority areas for conservation of the 50 most endangered species. To protect these species, the skewed regional PA distribution would require expansion. Where possible, new PAs and transboundary reserves in the 35 priority areas we identified should be established. There are adequate remaining natural areas in which to expand current Eastern Himalayan PAs. Consolidation and expansion of PAs in the EH requires strengthening national and regional transboundary collaboration, formulating comprehensive regional land-use plans, diversifying conservation funding, and enhancing information sharing through a consolidated regional database.

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Global lessons from successful rhinoceros conservation in Nepal

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Investigating Gaps in Perception of Wildlife between Urban and Rural Inhabitants: Empirical Evidence from Japan

Investigating Gaps in Perception of Wildlife between Urban and Rural Inhabitants: Empirical Evidence from Japan

Conservation enforcement: Insights from people incarcerated for wildlife crimes in Nepal

Identifying conservation priorities for threatened Eastern Himalayan mammals

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