“…The durable effects of study abroad have been extensively investigated through survey research in the field of international education. These studies have shown, for example, that returning students display enhanced academic focus (Hadis, 2005), increased intercultural competence (Rexeisen et al., 2008; Salisbury et al., 2013), civic (DeGraaf et al., 2013; Mitic, 2020) and global engagement (Paige et al., 2009), and openness to other cultures (Bakalis & Joiner, 2004). Further, this experience has been shown to exert considerable influence on career direction and personal development (Dwyer, 2004; Geyer et al., 2017; Norris & Gillespie, 2009).…”