Global latitudinal variations in marine copepod diversity and environmental factors

Rombouts, Isabelle; Beaugrand, Grégory; Ibañez, Frédéric; Gasparini, Stéphane; Chiba, Sanae; Legendre, Louis

doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0742

Cited by 119 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

117

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…climate change | Court Jester | mass extinction | Red Queen | rock record B eyond small geographical scales, biodiversity consistently decreases with latitude (1-3), reflecting a strong, probably causal, association between warmer climates and standing richness in both the terrestrial, water availability permitting (4), and marine realms (5,6). Our understanding of the association between biodiversity and warm climates in space contrasts strongly with our models of how climate explains global diversity through time (7).…”

contrasting

confidence: 41%

Biodiversity tracks temperature over time

Mayhew

Bell

Benton

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

156

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The geographic distribution of life on Earth supports a general pattern of increase in biodiversity with increasing temperature. However, some previous analyses of the 540-million-year Phanerozoic fossil record found a contrary relationship, with paleodiversity declining when the planet warms. These contradictory findings are hard to reconcile theoretically. We analyze marine invertebrate biodiversity patterns for the Phanerozoic Eon while controlling for sampling effort. This control appears to reverse the temporal association between temperature and biodiversity, such that taxonomic richness increases, not decreases, with temperature. Increasing temperatures also predict extinction and origination rates, alongside other abiotic and biotic predictor variables. These results undermine previous reports of a negative biodiversity-temperature relationship through time, which we attribute to paleontological sampling biases. Our findings suggest a convergence of global scale macroevolutionary and macroecological patterns for the biodiversity-temperature relationship.climate change | Court Jester | mass extinction | Red Queen | rock record B eyond small geographical scales, biodiversity consistently decreases with latitude (1-3), reflecting a strong, probably causal, association between warmer climates and standing richness in both the terrestrial, water availability permitting (4), and marine realms (5, 6). Our understanding of the association between biodiversity and warm climates in space contrasts strongly with our models of how climate explains global diversity through time (7). One analysis of compendia of fossil taxa suggests that biodiversity declines with increasing global temperatures (8), but the focus on temperature as the driver, without reference to other variables, has drawn criticism (7). Analyses at smaller scales (geographic, temporal, or taxonomic) are equivocal (9). How can it be that warm temperatures should apparently have negative effects on biodiversity through time while also having positive effects across space (10) (i.e., contrasting macroevolutionary and macroecological patterns)? Recently, however, our understanding of past changes in biodiversity has been transformed by the application of techniques to control for sampling bias in paleodiversity data (11). Here we apply more-robust measures of fossil diversity, origination, and extinction through time to reevaluate the role of temperature in the context of other potential environmental drivers.Much effort to understand macroevolutionary changes through the Phanerozoic has focused on marine invertebrates, first through Sepkoski's genus-level compendium (12) and latterly via the Paleobiology Database Project (PaleoDB) (11). Putative factors proposed to drive temporal fluctuation in biodiversity include biotic drivers, such as competition between taxa (13, 14) and predation intensity (15). Alternatively, abiotic variables such as sea level change (16,17), nutrient inputs and shelf redox conditions (17, 18), plate tectonic events (19), volcan...

show abstract

contrasting

confidence: 41%

Biodiversity tracks temperature over time

Mayhew

Bell

Benton

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

156

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Temperature is often invoked when investigating processes and explanations of latitudinal gradients in biodiversity (12) (SI Text). Other factors, either atmospheric (e.g., wind speed and intensity) or chemical (e.g., nutrients, salinity, and oxygen), seem to be of less significance to planktonic biodiversity (12,13). Among the indicators of temperature, maximum SST is one of the best predictors of the spatial distribution of some marine organisms in the North Atlantic (14, 15).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2B) mirrored the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity between 35°N and 65°N ( Fig. 2A) (12,20). A second PCA was performed on the multidecadal latitudinal changes in biodiversity of the three planktonic groups (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and carbon cycles

Beaugrand

Edwards

Legendre

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

232

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although recent studies suggest that climate change may substantially accelerate the rate of species loss in the biosphere, only a few studies have focused on the potential consequences of a spatial reorganization of biodiversity with global warming. Here, we show a pronounced latitudinal increase in phytoplanktonic and zooplanktonic biodiversity in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean in recent decades. We also show that this rise in biodiversity paralleled a decrease in the mean size of zooplanktonic copepods and that the reorganization of the planktonic ecosystem toward dominance by smaller organisms may influence the networks in which carbon flows, with negative effects on the downward biological carbon pump and demersal Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Our study suggests that, contrary to the usual interpretation of increasing biodiversity being a positive emergent property promoting the stability/resilience of ecosystems, the parallel decrease in sizes of planktonic organisms could be viewed in the North Atlantic as reducing some of the services provided by marine ecosystems to humans. biodiversity | climate change | ecosystem services | carbon cycles | fisheries W arming of the climate system and its potential consequences for the biosphere are increasingly documented (1). The rise in global temperature has altered all Earth's subsystems (e.g., cryosphere) including the oceans (2). Consistent with the fact that oceans have absorbed 84% of the heat added to the climate system over the last 40 years (3), and temperature influences almost all biological processes and ecosystems from individual cells to the whole biosphere (4), there were reports of many climate-induced alterations of marine ecosystems ranging from biogeographical and phenological changes to abrupt ecosystem shifts (5, 6). The increasing temperature is also expected to accelerate the global rate of species extinction (7) and reduce the efficiency of the biological carbon pump (8-10).The aims of our study were to assess the effects of climate change on biodiversity of marine plankton in the last decades and predict the potential consequences of ongoing climate change on the functioning and some services of planktonic ecosystems. Our approach was to (i) search for basin-scale and long-term latitudinal changes in biodiversity patterns of key marine planktonic groups, (ii) identify hydro-climatological variables that covaried with planktonic biodiversity, (iii) use observed covariations to predict the potential impact of current climate change, (iv) investigate spatiotemporal links between biodiversity and size of plankton, and (v) analyze the potential effects of climate-changerelated modifications of current planktonic biodiversity on some of the services provided by marine ecosystems to humans (i.e., the biological carbon pump and fisheries in the North Atlantic). Results and DiscussionWe first examined the geographical distributions and multidecadal latitudinal changes in biodiversity of three key planktonic groups by using data from the Contin...

show abstract

“…The greater diversity of 398 dominant prey types in lower latitudes certainly follows the general pattern of increasing 399 diversity toward the equator (Hillebrand, 2004;Rombouts et al, 2009; van der Spoel and Pierrot-400 Bults, 1979); however, comparing the high diversity of dominant consumed prey types to the 401 observations that only a few of these groups are ever dominant in the environment (Hopcroft et 402 al., 1998;Llopiz et al, 2010;Neumann-Leitao et al, 2008) supports the likelihood that fish 403 larvae in lower latitudes, overall, exhibit a higher degree of prey selectivity. Unfortunately, very 404 few low-latitude studies quantitatively examined prey selectivity by comparing diets with prey 405 availability.…”

Section: Discussion 307mentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal and taxonomic patterns in the feeding ecologies of fish larvae: A literature synthesis

Llopiz

2013

Journal of Marine Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The longtime focus on factors that influence the survival of marine fish larvae has 1 yielded an extensive number of studies on larval fish diets and feeding success. In light of a 2 recent increase in such studies within lower latitudes, results from the peer-reviewed literature 3 were synthesized to examine both latitudinal and taxonomic differences in several trophic-related 4 categories, including feeding incidence, trophic niche breadth, ontogenetic diet shifts, dominant 5 prey types, diet broadness, and larval piscivory. A total of 204 investigations (taxon-article 6 combinations) contained suitable results for at least one of these categories. Feeding incidences 7 (proportions of larvae containing food) were significantly higher in lower latitudes with all taxa 8 combined, as well as only within the order Perciformes. Feeding incidences also differed among 9 orders, with Perciformes and Scorpaeniformes having the highest values. The number of larval 10 taxa exhibiting a significantly increasing niche breadth (SD of the log of prey sizes) with larval 11 size decreased toward lower latitudes, with some taxa in lower latitudes exhibiting a decrease in 12 niche breadth with size. The frequency of exhibiting ontogenetic diets shifts decreased with 13 decreasing latitude, as did relative diet broadness (a function of prey types). The most common 14 dominant prey types in the diets of higher latitude larvae were nauplii and calanoid copepods, 15 with cyclopoids being rare in higher latitudes. Dominant prey types in lower latitudes were more 16 diverse, with nauplii, calanoids, and cyclopoids being equally important. Appendicularians 17 increased in importance with decreasing latitude, and one of the clearest latitudinal distinctions 18 was the display of larval piscivory (almost exclusively by scombroid taxa), which was highly 19 concentrated in lower latitudes. Overall, the latitudinal differences observed for multiple trophic-20 related factors highlight inherent distinctions in larval fish feeding ecologies, likely reflecting 21 differences in the overall structure of planktonic food webs over large latitudinal gradients. 22 23 3

show abstract

Global latitudinal variations in marine copepod diversity and environmental factors

Abstract: International audienc

Cited by 119 publications

References 62 publications

Biodiversity tracks temperature over time

Biodiversity tracks temperature over time

Marine biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and carbon cycles

Latitudinal and taxonomic patterns in the feeding ecologies of fish larvae: A literature synthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About