Global Landscape of Total Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lake Water

Ming, Chen; Zeng, Guangming; Zhang, Jiachao; Xu, Piao; Chen, Anwei; Lu, Lunhui

doi:10.1038/srep15043

Cited by 70 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Consistent with these observations, our simulation results also reproduce a high correlation between TN concentrations and N 2 O emission rates (R 2 = 0.85; Table 4). For the entirety of SWBs in our study, we calculate an mean (±standard deviation) TN concentration of 42 ± 75 μM (based on values between 1th and 99th percentile to exclude the effects of outliers; Table 3), which is actually very close to the observation-based estimate of global natural lake and reservoir TN concentrations of 38 ± 186 μM by Chen et al (2015). That means that on global average, our simulated TN concentrations are reasonable and not the source for a general underestimation or overestimation of N 2 O emissions.…”

Section: Global Biogeochemical Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N₂O to the Atmosphere

Lauerwald

Regnier

Figueiredo

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

100

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Natural lakes and reservoirs are important yet not well‐constrained sources of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere. In particular for N2O emissions, a huge variability is observed in the few, observation‐driven flux estimates that have been published so far. Recently, a process‐based, spatially explicit model has been used to estimate global N2O emissions from more than 6,000 reservoirs based on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous inflows and water residence time. Here we extend the model to a data set of 1.4 million standing water bodies comprising natural lakes and reservoirs. For validation, we normalized the simulated N2O emissions by the surface area of each water body and compared them against regional averages of N2O emission rates taken from the literature or estimated based on observed N2O concentrations. We estimate that natural lakes and reservoirs together emit 4.5 ± 2.9 Gmol N2O‐N year−1 globally. Our global‐scale estimate falls in the far lower end of existing, observation‐driven estimates. Natural lakes contribute only about half of this flux, although they contribute 91% of the total surface area of standing water bodies. Hence, the mean N2O emission rates per surface area are substantially lower for natural lakes than for reservoirs with 0.8 ± 0.5 versus 9.6 ± 6.0 mmol N·m−2·year−1, respectively. This finding can be explained by on average lower external N inputs to natural lakes. We conclude that upscaling‐based estimates, which do not distinguish natural lakes from reservoirs, are prone to important biases.

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Section: Global Biogeochemical Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N₂O to the Atmosphere

Lauerwald

Regnier

Figueiredo

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

100

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“…Our results and previous work (Cheruvelil et al 2013) generally suggest that regional-level analyses of lakes with relatively homogenous ecological context are likely to differ from sub-continental, continental, or global analyses that include a wider range of ecological context gradients. In addition, inferring mechanisms at the global scale might be even more difficult than the regional scale because previous globalscale studies have related stoichiometry to broad-scale, spatially structured predictors such as latitude (Abell et al 2012) and climate (Chen et al 2015) that might not be easy to differentiate from regional and local controls on nutrient cycles. 1B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nutrient-loading concept (reviewed by Brett and Benjamin 2008) provides a framework for predicting single nutrients in lakes based on drivers that are organized into three categories: sources, transport, and in-lake processing of nutrients. More recently, N:P stoichiometry has also been related to drivers that are known to influence single nutrients, including N deposition (Elser et al 2009, Crowley et al 2012, agricultural land use (Arbuckle andDowning 2001, Vanni et al 2011), climate (Chen et al 2015), and the extent of human impact in a study region (Yan et al 2016). More recently, N:P stoichiometry has also been related to drivers that are known to influence single nutrients, including N deposition (Elser et al 2009, Crowley et al 2012, agricultural land use (Arbuckle andDowning 2001, Vanni et al 2011), climate (Chen et al 2015), and the extent of human impact in a study region (Yan et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake nutrient stoichiometry is less predictable than nutrient concentrations at regional and sub‐continental scales

Collins

Oliver

Lapierre

et al. 2017

Ecological Applications

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Production in many ecosystems is co-limited by multiple elements. While a known suite of drivers associated with nutrient sources, nutrient transport, and internal processing controls concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in lakes, much less is known about whether the drivers of single nutrient concentrations can also explain spatial or temporal variation in lake N:P stoichiometry. Predicting stoichiometry might be more complex than predicting concentrations of individual elements because some drivers have similar relationships with N and P, leading to a weak relationship with their ratio. Further, the dominant controls on elemental concentrations likely vary across regions, resulting in context dependent relationships between drivers, lake nutrients and their ratios. Here, we examine whether known drivers of N and P concentrations can explain variation in N:P stoichiometry, and whether explaining variation in stoichiometry differs across regions. We examined drivers of N:P in ~2,700 lakes at a sub-continental scale and two large regions nested within the sub-continental study area that have contrasting ecological context, including differences in the dominant type of land cover (agriculture vs. forest). At the sub-continental scale, lake nutrient concentrations were correlated with nutrient loading and lake internal processing, but stoichiometry was only weakly correlated to drivers of lake nutrients. At the regional scale, drivers that explained variation in nutrients and stoichiometry differed between regions. In the Midwestern U.S. region, dominated by agricultural land use, lake depth and the percentage of row crop agriculture were strong predictors of stoichiometry because only phosphorus was related to lake depth and only nitrogen was related to the percentage of row crop agriculture. In contrast, all drivers were related to N and P in similar ways in the Northeastern U.S. region, leading to weak relationships between drivers and stoichiometry. Our results suggest ecological context mediates controls on lake nutrients and stoichiometry. Predicting stoichiometry was generally more difficult than predicting nutrient concentrations, but human activity may decouple N and P, leading to better prediction of N:P stoichiometry in regions with high anthropogenic activity.

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“…Previous studies on the role of internal P cycling in lake eutrophication and its remediation have focused primarily on soluble and sediment-associated inorganic P (P i )78910. However, organic P (P o ) is also an important component of total phosphorus (TP) in the overlying water11, sediments12 and debris derived from decomposition of algae and aquatic plants13. The P o concentration in biomass from algae and aquatic macrophytes was found to be 12.9-fold and 1.8-fold greater than in sediments, respectively13, which represents a significant source of internal P for a eutrophic lake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forms and Lability of Phosphorus in Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes Characterized by Solution 31P NMR Coupled with Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Feng

Zhu

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Solution Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) with commercially available phosphatases was used to characterize phosphorus (P) compounds in extracts of the dominant aquatic macrophytes and algae in a eutrophic lake. Total extractable organic P (Po) concentrations ranged from 504 to 1643 mg kg−1 and 2318 to 8395 mg kg−1 for aquatic macrophytes and algae, respectively. Using 31P NMR spectroscopy, 11 Po species were detected in the mono- and diester region. Additionally, orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and phosphonates were also detected. Using EH, phytate-like P was identified as the prevalent class of enzyme-labile Po, followed by labile monoester- and diester-P. Comparison of the NMR and EH data indicated that the distribution pattern of major P forms in the samples determined by the two methods was similar (r = 0.712, p < 0.05). Additional 31P NMR spectroscopic analysis of extracts following EH showed significant decreases in the monoester and pyrophosphate regions, with a corresponding increase in the orthophosphate signal, as compared to unhydrolyzed extracts. Based on these quantity and hydrolysis data, we proposed that recycling of Po in vegetative biomass residues is an important mechanism for long-term self-regulation of available P for algal blooming in eutrophic lakes.

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Global Landscape of Total Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lake Water

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N₂O to the Atmosphere

Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N₂O to the Atmosphere

Lake nutrient stoichiometry is less predictable than nutrient concentrations at regional and sub‐continental scales

Forms and Lability of Phosphorus in Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes Characterized by Solution 31P NMR Coupled with Enzymatic Hydrolysis

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Global Landscape of Total Organic Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Lake Water

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N2O to the Atmosphere

Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N2O to the Atmosphere

Lake nutrient stoichiometry is less predictable than nutrient concentrations at regional and sub‐continental scales

Forms and Lability of Phosphorus in Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes Characterized by Solution 31P NMR Coupled with Enzymatic Hydrolysis

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Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N₂O to the Atmosphere

Natural Lakes Are a Minor Global Source of N₂O to the Atmosphere