Global income and production impacts of using GM crop technology 1996–2013

Brookes, Graham; Barfoot, Peter

doi:10.1080/21645698.2015.1022310

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While many transgenic HR crop species have been tested in the field, only four are widely grown commercially since the late 1990s: soybean, maize, cotton, and canola [12]. In 2013, of the 175.2 million ha global GM crop area, about 57% (99.4 million ha) were planted with HR varieties and another 27% (47 million ha) with stacked HR/IR crops [13].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

et al. 2017

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Farmland biodiversity is an important characteristic when assessing sustainability of agricultural practices and is of major international concern. Scientific data indicate that agricultural intensification and pesticide use are among the main drivers of biodiversity loss. The analysed data and experiences do not support statements that herbicide-resistant crops provide consistently better yields than conventional crops or reduce herbicide amounts. They rather show that the adoption of herbicide-resistant crops impacts agronomy, agricultural practice, and weed management and contributes to biodiversity loss in several ways: (i) many studies show that glyphosate-based herbicides, which were commonly regarded as less harmful, are toxic to a range of aquatic organisms and adversely affect the soil and intestinal microflora and plant disease resistance; the increased use of 2,4-D or dicamba, linked to new herbicide-resistant crops, causes special concerns. (ii) The adoption of herbicide-resistant crops has reduced crop rotation and favoured weed management that is solely based on the use of herbicides. (iii) Continuous herbicide resistance cropping and the intensive use of glyphosate over the last 20 years have led to the appearance of at least 34 glyphosate-resistant weed species worldwide. Although recommended for many years, farmers did not counter resistance development in weeds by integrated weed management, but continued to rely on herbicides as sole measure. Despite occurrence of widespread resistance in weeds to other herbicides, industry rather develops transgenic crops with additional herbicide resistance genes. (iv) Agricultural management based on broad-spectrum herbicides as in herbicide-resistant crops further decreases diversity and abundance of wild plants and impacts arthropod fauna and other farmland animals. Taken together, adverse impacts of herbicide-resistant crops on biodiversity, when widely adopted, should be expected and are indeed very hard to avoid. For that reason, and in order to comply with international agreements to protect and enhance biodiversity, agriculture needs to focus on practices that are more environmentally friendly, including an overall reduction in pesticide use. (Pesticides are used for agricultural as well non-agricultural purposes. Most commonly they are used as plant protection products and regarded as a synonym for it and so also in this text.)Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0100-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, 84% of the GM crops carried HR genes (146.4 million ha). HR soybean is the dominant GM crop and grown mainly in North and South America, making up about 80% of the global soybean area and 46% of the total GM crop area [12]. In GM maize and GM cotton, HR traits are often combined with IR genes.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

et al. 2017

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“…While some countries, like the United States and Canada, grow and consume genetically modified (GM) crops and meat openly, others have banned the production and reject their consumption (Brookes and Barfoot, 2016). The worldwide top producing countries of GMOs (crops and meat) are the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and India; while Mexico ranks seventeen, based on the extend of the area used to grow GM crops (Aldemita and Hautea, 2018).…”

Section: Genetically Modified Organisms (Gmos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Trade and the Convergence in Youth Technological Awareness and Expectations within NAFTA: The Case of GMOs and Nuclear Power Technologies

Niankara¹,

Lc²

2019

Preprint

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Relying on the USA, Canada and Mexico extract from the cross-national data sample on the environmental affection and cognition of adolescent students (Niankara, 2019), along with seemingly unrelated bivariate weighted ordered probit regression modeling (Niankara and Zoungrana, 2018), this study reports on the convergence of technological awareness and expectations within the context of international trade. We achieve this by adopting a regional perspective in investigating the effects of affective, cognitive and situational factors on youth's awareness and expectations about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and nuclear power technology (NPT) within the North American free trade block. Identification of model parameters is achieved using maximum simulated likelihood methods. The findings show that although it has been over 20 years as of 2015 that USA, Canada, and Mexico ratified the north American free trade agreement (NAFTA), the diffusion of technology and information within the trade block has not succeeded in homogenizing awareness and expectations about GMOs and Nuclear power technology, as observed in the youth population across the three countries. Indeed, with regards to technological awareness, compared to youth from the USA, those from Canada show 15% (GMOs) and 7.1% (NPT) more awareness respectively; while those in Mexico are respectively 34.4% and 19.5% less aware about GMOs and NPT. With respect to technological expectations, compared to youth from the USA, those from Canada and Mexico are respectively 34.4% and 39.9% more optimistic about GMOs, while 15% and 49.7% more optimistic about NPT. Overall, youth within NAFTA country members are respectively 2.5% and 6.7% more optimistic about GMOs and NPT for every level increase in their awareness about the two technologies.

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“…Similarly, Brookes and Barfoot (2015) indicated that the benefits gained from stacking genes can be immense, with provisional single trait benefits for 2014 in insect resistant (Bt) maize of $6 billion and herbicide tolerant maize of $1.7 billion; and $4.6 billion of insect resistant cotton and $123 billion for HT cotton. These important traits were stacked in major crops and by the beginning of the second decade, there was already an abrupt increase of crops with stacked traits.…”

Section: Trends In Global Approvals Of Biotech Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the 19 y of widescale commercialization, the 4 major biotech crops increased crop production valued at $133.5 billion of which 30% were due to reduced production costs and 70% due to substantial yield gains of 441.4 million tonnes (Brookes and Barfoot, 2015). Biotech crops are considered safer than, or as safe as conventional counterparts and emerging biotech crops target nutritional problems of developing countries such as protein, vitamin and mineral deficiencies (Lemaux, 2008;Nicolia et al, 2014;Paterson, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in global approvals of biotech crops (1992–2014)

Aldemita¹,

Reaño²,

Solis

et al. 2015

GM Crops & Food

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ABSTRACT. With the increasing number of genetically modified (GM) events, traits, and crops that are developed to benefit the global population, approval of these technologies for food, feed, cultivation and import in each country may vary depending on needs, demand and trade interest. ISAAA established a GMO Approval Database to document global approvals of biotech crops. GM event name, crops, traits, developer, year of approval for cultivation, food/feed, import, and relevant dossiers were sourced from credible government regulatory websites and biosafety clearinghouses. This paper investigates the trends in GM approvals for food, feed and cultivation based on the number of approving countries, GM crops, events, and traits in the last 23 y (1992-2014), rationale for approval, factors influencing approvals, and their implications in GM crop adoption. Results show that in 2014, there was an accumulative increase in the number of countries granting approvals at 29 (79% developing countries) for commercial cultivation and 31 (70% developing countries) for food and 19 (80% developing developing) for feed; 2012 had the highest number of approving countries and cultivation approvals; 2011 had the highest number of country approvals for feed, and 2014 for food approvals. Herbicide tolerance trait had the highest events approved, followed by insect tolerance traits. Approvals for food product quality increased in the second decade. Maize had the highest number of events approved (single and stacked traits), and stacked traits product gradually increased which is already 30% of the total trait approvals. These results may indicate understanding and acceptance of countries to enhance regulatory capability to be able to benefit from GM crop commercialization. Hence, the paper provided information on the trends on the growth of the GM crop industry in the last 23 y which may be vital in predicting future GM crops and traits.

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Global income and production impacts of using GM crop technology 1996–2013

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

Herbicide resistance and biodiversity: agronomic and environmental aspects of genetically modified herbicide-resistant plants

International Trade and the Convergence in Youth Technological Awareness and Expectations within NAFTA: The Case of GMOs and Nuclear Power Technologies

Trends in global approvals of biotech crops (1992–2014)

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