Global impression of perceived difficulties in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Reliability and validity of a new instrument assessing perceived difficulties from a patient, parent and physician perspective over the day

Abstract

Background: The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief scale developed to assess the degree of difficulties in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The Global Impression of Perceived Difficulties (GIPD) scale reflects overall impairment, psychosocial functioning and Quality of Life (QoL) as rated by patient, parents and physician at various times of the day.

Minor differences in ADHD-related difficulties between boys and girls treated with atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

“…Furthermore, although both mean symptom reduction and improvement in terms of ADHD-related difficulties were considerable, the results do not allow direct comparison against changes of these parameters upon treatment with other ADHD medications. The GIPD instrument has been psychometrically validated (Wehmeier et al 2008), but in two openlabel studies that lacked control groups Wehmeier et al 2007). The GIPD may not be sensitive enough to detect change over time or differences between groups.…”

“…The absolute values of the GIPD ratings at baseline from all three perspectives (patient, parent, physician) correspond to a CGI-S score of 5 (''markedly ill'') (Wehmeier et al 2008). The course over time of the degree of ADHD-related difficulties as determined by the mean GIPD total scores (OC) was generally parallel in terms of the three rater perspectives (Fig.…”

“…a study nurse) was allowed to give assistance. The psychometric properties of the GIPD have been published elsewhere (Wehmeier et al 2008). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was good to excellent: all alpha values (with one exception) were above 0.8 for GIPD total scores.…”

“…The aim of this secondary analysis of the results from two studies in children and adolescents with ADHD treated with atomoxetine in an open-label setting Wehmeier et al 2007) was to capture ADHD-related difficulties using the Global Impression of Perceived Difficulties (GIPD) scale and to investigate differences between boys and girls. The GIPD reflects ADHD-related difficulties from the patients', parents' and physicians' perspective (Wehmeier et al 2008). The two studies on which this secondary analysis is based additionally used the AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) (DuPaul et al 1998;Faries et al 2001), the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale (Guy 1976;NIMH 1985) and the Weekly Ratings of Evening and Morning Behavior (WREMB-R) (Kelsey et al 2004) to capture difficulties in the morning and in the evening ).…”

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Questionnaire – Children with Difficulties for Chinese children or adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a cross-sectional survey

“…The QCD has three key features: the ability to assess life function, the ability to enable the evaluation of life function at each period of the day, and convenience of use in daily clinical practice 8. The QCD is composed of practical and easy-to-understand questions inquiring about basic daily activities 13. One of the major advantages of the QCD is that it is more convenient to use than either SNAP-IV or WFIRS-P as it includes only 20 simple questions,8 which take less time to complete than SNAP-IV (consisting of 26 questions) and WFIRS-P (consisting of 50 questions) 11,12.…”