Global impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on rotavirus hospitalisations among children under 5 years of age, 2008–16: findings from the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network

Aliabadi, Negar; Antoni, Sébastien; Mwenda, Jason M.; Weldegebriel, Goitom; Biey, Joseph; Cheikh, Dah; Fahmy, Kamal; Teleb, Nadia; Ashmony, Hossam; Ahmed, Hinda; Daniels, Danni; Videbaek, Dovile; Wasley, Annemarie; Singh, Simarjit; Oliveira, Lúcia Helena de; Rey-Benito, Gloria; Sanwogou, N. Jennifer; Wijesinghe, Pushpa Ranjan; Liyanage, Jayantha; Nyambat, Batmunkh; Grabovac, Varja; Heffelfinger, James D.; Fox, Kimberley; Paladin, Fem Julia; Nakamura, Tomoka; Agócs, Mary; Murray, Jillian; Cherian, Thomas; Yen, Catherine; Parashar, Umesh D.; Serhan, Fatima; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Cohen, Adam L.

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(19)30207-4

Cited by 150 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Rotavirus gastroenteritis accounts for significant mortality rates in children under 5 years of age ( 42 ). The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritised the development and introduction of vaccines to manage this disease due to the large global burden of rotavirus ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Sadiq

Bostan

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea globally, even with all effective interventions, particularly in developing countries. Among the diverse genotypes of RVA, G1P[8] is a common genotype that has continued to pervade around the world, including Pakistan. Two universally accepted rotavirus vaccines-Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ contain the genotype G1P[8]. The current work was aimed at identifying differences between antigenic epitopes of Pakistan’s G1P[8] strains and those of the two licensed vaccines. We sequenced 6 G1P[8] rotavirus strains previously reported in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2015 and 2016 for their outer capsid genes (VP7 and VP4). Phylogenetic analysis was then conducted in order to classify their specific lineages and to detect their association with strains isolated throughout world. Compared with the Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ vaccine strains (G1-lineage II, P[8]-lineage III), our study G1-lineage I, P[8]-lineage IV strains showed 3 and 5 variations in the VP7 epitopes, respectively, and 13 and 11 variations in the VP4 epitopes, respectively. The G1 lineage II strains showed no single amino acid change compared to Rotarix™ (lineage II), but exhibited changes at 2 positions compared to RotaTeq™ (lineage III). So, this has been proposed that these G1 strains exist in our natural setting, or that they may have been introduced in Pakistan from other countries of the world. The distinct P[8]-lineage IV (OP354-like) strains showed twelve and thirteen amino acid variations, with Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ (lineages II and III) strains, respectively. Such findings have shown that the VP4-P[8] component of the G1P[8] strains circulating in Pakistan differs considerably from that of the vaccine viruses compared to that of the VP7-G1. To monitor the long-term effects of vaccines on the emergence of G1P[8] strains with different lineages, routine and successful monitoring of these strains will be crucial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Sadiq

Bostan

2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…Comparing to the previous surveillance on rotavirus in Wuhan, the detection rate of RVA increased in adults, while being stable in children (χ 2 = 13.2, p < 0.01), and the rate was higher in children rather than in adults repeatedly [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. When the data from other countries were compared, lower incidence (25.5%) of RVA in children was observed in Wuhan except for that in 13–24 month age group (40.0%), similarly in proportion to that reported in Southeast Asia (40.78%) [ 46 , 47 ]. In present study, major of specimens were collected from outpatients and most cases with relatively mild symptoms, which could be responsible for the lower incidence of RVA in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Surveillance of Human Rotavirus in Wuhan, China (2011–2019): Predominance of G9P[8] and Emergence of G12

et al. 2020

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Rotaviruses are a major etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. To learn the shift of genotypes and genetic characteristics of Rotavirus A (RVA) causing diarrhea in children and adults, a hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus was conducted in Wuhan, China from June 2011 through May 2019, and representative virus strains were phylogenetically analyzed. Among a total of 6733 stool specimens collected from both children and adults with acute gastroenteritis, RVA was detected in 25.5% (1125/4409) and 12.3% (285/2324) of specimens, respectively. G9P[8] was the most common genotype (74.5%), followed by G1P[8] (8.7%), G2P[4] (8.4%), and G3P[8] (7.3%), with G9P[8] increasing rapidly during the study period. The predominant genotype shifted from G1P[8] to G9P[8] in 2012–2013 epidemic season. G12P[6] strain RVA/Human-wt/CHN/Z2761/2019/G12P[6] was detected in April 2019 and assigned to G12-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T2-E1-H1 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that VP7, VP4, VP6, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, and NSP5 genes of Z2761 clustered closely with those of Korean G12P[6] strain CAU_214, showing high nucleotide identities (98.0–98.8%). The NSP3 gene of Z2761 was closely related to those of G2P[4] and G12P[6] rotaviruses in Asia. All the eleven gene segments of Z2761 kept distance from those of cocirculating G9P[8], G1P[8], and G3P[8] strains detected in Wuhan during this study period. This is the first identification of G12 rotavirus in China. It is deduced that Z2761 is a reassortant having DS-1-like NSP3 gene in the background of G12P[6] rotavirus genetically close to CAU_214.

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“…Among the AGE-causing pathogens, rotavirus A (RVA) is one of the leading agents, responsible for approximately 200,000 deaths per year among children <5 years old in developing countries [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Regarding severe disease, RVA accounts for around 20% and 40% of all AGE-hospitalization in countries with and without RVA vaccines implemented, respectively [ 6 , 7 ]. Currently, four World Health Organization (WHO)-prequalified live-attenuated oral RVA vaccines are available internationally—Rotarix™, RotaTeq™, Rotavac™, and RotaSiil™—and over 100 countries have introduced one of these vaccines into their national immunization program [ 8 ] ( ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus A in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology and Surveillance during 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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Rotavirus A (RVA) vaccines succeeded in lowering the burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, especially preventing severe disease and mortality. In 2019, Brazil completed 13 years of RVA vaccine implementation (Rotarix™) within the National Immunization Program (NIP), and as reported elsewhere, the use of Rotarix™ in the country has reduced childhood mortality and morbidity due to AGE. Even though both marketed vaccines are widely distributed, the surveillance of RVA causing AGE and the monitoring of circulating genotypes are important tools to keep tracking the epidemiological scenario and vaccines impact. Thus, our study investigated RVA epidemiological features, viral load and G and P genotypes circulation in children and adults presenting AGE symptoms in eleven states from three out of five regions in Brazil. By using TaqMan®-based one-step RT-qPCR, we investigated a total of 1536 stool samples collected from symptomatic inpatients, emergency department visits and outpatients from January 2018 to December 2019. G and P genotypes of RVA-positive samples were genetically characterized by multiplex RT-PCR or by nearly complete fragment sequencing. We detected RVA in 12% of samples, 10.5% in 2018 and 13.7% in 2019. A marked winter/spring seasonality was observed, especially in Southern Brazil. The most affected age group was children aged >24–60 months, with a positivity rate of 18.8% (p < 0.05). Evaluating shedding, we found a statistically lower RVA viral load in stool samples collected from children aged up to six months compared to the other age groups (p < 0.05). The genotype G3P[8] was the most prevalent during the two years (83.7% in 2018 and 65.5% in 2019), and nucleotide sequencing of some strains demonstrated that they belonged to the emergent equine-like G3P[8] genotype. The dominance of an emergent genotype causing AGE reinforces the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance to assess the impact of mass RVA immunization as well as to monitor the emergence of novel genotypes.

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Global impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on rotavirus hospitalisations among children under 5 years of age, 2008–16: findings from the Global Rotavirus Surveillance Network

Cited by 150 publications

References 29 publications

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Surveillance of Human Rotavirus in Wuhan, China (2011–2019): Predominance of G9P[8] and Emergence of G12

Rotavirus A in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology and Surveillance during 2018–2019

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