Global Impact of Chemicals and Toxic Substances on Human Health and the Environment

Abstract

This chapter addresses the global impacts of heterogenous chemicals and toxic substances on human health and the environment. Chemicals and hazardous substances are ubiquitous in every nook and cranny of society across the globe. The challenges facing the scientific community in documenting the number and variety of chemicals, and hazardous products that are manufactured, available on the market, and in use as well as the disease burden associated with them are discussed. The chapter addresses the chemicals, hazardous substances of global public health concern, including air pollution, inorganic substances especially heavy metals, and synthetic organic compounds such as the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and pesticides. Gaseous elements, acids and bases are also covered. Major sources of releases into the environment and routes of exposure and the consequences for exposed population's health and well-being are addressed. The estimated Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), and economic loss associated with selected chemical

Vanillic acid protects mortality and toxicity induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in mice; in vivo model of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

“…It has been reported that more than 300 million tonnes of chemicals per year are dealt in the European Union, which 12–15% of them are classified as mutagenic, carcinogenic or toxic to reproduction [25] . This suggests that humans are faced with a significant number of chemical carcinogens form different sources, and in many cases, exposure to these compounds is unavoidable [29] . Therefore, reducing the exposure to chemical carcinogens and the use of chemopreventive strategy can be useful in decreasing the incidence of various types of cancers [30] .…”

Identification of acetaldehyde based on plasmonic patterns of a gold nanostructure conjugated with chromophore and H2O2: a new platform for the rapid and low-cost analysis of carcinogenic agents by colorimetric affordable test strip (CATS)

“…The presence of various toxins in the environment poses signicant risks to human health and underscores the necessity for rapid and accurate detection methods. 1 Among these toxins, acetaldehyde, commonly found in food and air, is particularly concerning due to its carcinogenic properties. [2][3][4] Designated as a Group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), acetaldehyde underscores the importance of monitoring food safety and air pollution.…”

Efficacy of Aspergillus tubingensis GX3′ Fermentation against Meloidogyne enterolobii in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…At the same time, nematicides have made a significant contribution to agricultural output over the last half-century. Unfortunately, the inappropriate use of chemical agents caused adverse side effects on environmental and agricultural sustainability [ 17 ]. Methyl bromide, dibromochloropropane, ethylene dibromide (EDB), and dibromochloropropane are some of the nematicide chemicals taken off the market due to their propensity to cause severe diseases [ 18 ].…”