Global Hospitals in 2050—A review of the historical development of hospital building studies from a global perspective

Abstract

This paper aims to discuss the problems in the field of architectural planning and design and possible solutions to these problems by studying hospital buildings that have been developing in the latter half of the 20th century to meet the changing needs of healthcare provision for the super aging society in these days. The methodology used in this study involves reviewing the historical development of hospital building studies from a global perspective. This is followed by an explanation of the need underlying the search for a healing environment through the author's study of hospital ward planning for over 30 years. This study analyzed the author's personal global experience and engaged with an exchange of ideas emanating from discussions with several colleagues and friends in the field of healthcare from all over the world. The key focus of this study is the Global University Programs in Healthcare Architecture (GUPHA). This study discusses potential global perspectives on hospital architectural planning and design that will manifest in 2050. It aims at breaking the lack of access to Japanese researches on hospital architectural planning and design, since most such researches were published in Japanese and were thus inaccessible to the English‐speaking world.

Psychological Impact of the Hospital Indoor Public Spaces on Patients’ Health, Assessment, and Analysis

“…Even in this day and age of technology, proper healthcare facilities and the availability of hospital buildings are the challenges [1] to be overcome. Recently, a universal hospital building model is suggested to address this important need [2]. Due to the economic and technological requirements, public space is only to satisfy the people flow, whereas no consideration has been paid to take into account the psychological needs of users.…”

AUTHENTICITY IN BUILDING ADJUSTMENT SIMULATION (Case Study: Emergency Room of St. Elizabeth Hospital Semarang, Indonesia)

“…High-tech medicine will develop faster and more sophisticated the way in the 21 st century and will be applied on a critical basis life-saving care and hospitals, as in the provision of emergency care, cancer, and heart attacks treatment (Nagasawa, 2020). Moreover, Adaptive reuse is converting the original function of existing buildings whose services and technology are outdated to a new building purpose for new need to meet the current development (Hasan et al, 2017).…”

“…Flexibility is often a requirement that must be built into the organization's plans to anticipate growth and facility changes. In other words, the hospital complex consists of not only one building but a network of buildings with various structures and materials, each of which has different standards and technical conditions (Nagasawa, 2020). The novelty of this study indicated that to make adjustments to new functions that respect the authenticity of the heritage buildings, it should be considering adjustments of the space requirements in the future, rearranging the spatial layout with the concept of retrofitting, paying attention to the characteristics of existing buildings, and choosing a structural system that is relevant.…”

“…Creating a healing environment within the scope of medical space included in historical buildings gives new meaning to cultural heritage through its sustainable use (Jeong, 2019). A positive atmosphere can also be achieved by using sensitive colors, light, aroma, texture, and sound by integrating art, interior design, and landscape design (Nagasawa, 2020). The orientation of other spaces is maintained so that the character in the open space area also remains the same, but the open space itself is converted into a functional space.…”

A strategy of a masterplan of Landak general hospital: a study of architectural programming

“…The hospital is not simply a building but as well a complex community institution. In considering the upcoming outlook of function-oriented hospitals and other healthcare services, the lately made concept, that is "healing environment", provides specific basis approaches to understanding various issues [9]. The constructing process of healthcare facilities, in any case, involves complex trade-offs with iterative activities such that design properties that have showing to improve building accomplishment are frequently not wholly considered.…”