Global health and environmental pollution

Landrigan, Philip J.; Fuller, Richard

doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0706-7

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The Global Burden of Disease study has confirmed that ambient air pollution is a leading risk factor for adverse health [1–3]. Policies on ambient air pollution have been implemented to monitor China’s serious problem of haze-fog pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and perceptions of air pollution in Ningbo, China

Qian

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThe residents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices related to ambient air pollution and health will help to improve the understanding of environmental protection and make environmental health policies more targeted and effective. This study aimed at knowing the attitudes and behaviors towards ambient air pollution and health.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ningbo, China in January 2015. Personal information and questions pertaining to the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards ambient air pollution and health were collected through questionnaire investigations. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and multiple unconditional logistic regression analysis were used.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 1604 respondents (59.41 % women). The awareness rate was 64.59 % and varied significantly with age, levels of education, and occupation (all p < 0.05). Only 5.80 % of the total participants were satisfied with the air quality in Ningbo in 2014. Most respondents (78.80 %) expressed concern about the possible aggravation of the haze. More than 80 % of participants believed that it will take at least 3-5 years or longer before the air quality is improved. Television and internet resources have replaced books and newspapers as the primary sources for obtaining knowledge about haze and related protective measures. 85.22 % of respondents were concerned about air quality index (AQI). Most of the residents have taken protective measures indoors during haze weather. 48.50 % have worn face masks when going outside, the most frequently type of face masks selected were cotton (39.85 %) or gauze face masks (36.24 %). Age and occupation were the main factors associated with the level of knowledge about air pollution (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThere were a relatively high knowledge awareness rate, strong health protection consciousness and high enthusiasm for air pollution control among Ningbo residents. The elderly people and less-educated residents are the targetable population for improving environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and perceptions of air pollution in Ningbo, China

Qian

et al. 2016

BMC Public Health

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“…This pollution has serious adverse consequences at both local and global levels. The World Health Organization estimates that pollution causes 8.4 million deaths per year in developing countries, including 6.7 million from air pollution, 0.8 million from water pollution and poor sanitation, and 1.0 million from toxic and industrial wastes (Landrigan & Fuller 2015;GAHP 2014). And each year, developing countries, led by China and India, contribute roughly two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions (EC JRC/PBL 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Command-and-Control and Market-Based Environmental Regulation in Developing Countries

Blackman

Liu

2018

Annu. Rev. Resour. Econ.

130

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Like their counterparts in industrialized countries, environmental regulators in developing countries rely principally on two types of instruments: command-and-control (CAC) policies, such as emissions and technology standards, and to a lesser extent, market-based instruments (MBIs), such as emissions fees and tradable permits. But these regulators often lack the capacity to implement, monitor, and enforce CAC and MBI policies. As a result, the efficacy of those policies is an empirical matter. We review emerging experimental and quasi-experimental evidence on CAC and MBI policies in developing countries, specifically, from 32 studies of CAC policies and 8 studies of MBIs. Although drawn from a small and decidedly nonrandom sample of countries and policy types, the evidence clearly indicates that CAC and MBI policies can have significant environmental benefits in developing countries. In addition to cataloging and reviewing this evidence, we discuss data and methodological challenges to augmenting it and suggest directions for future research.

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“…Thus, data collection on the health situation at mining sites is difficult, which probably leads to an underestimation of the corresponding disease burden. [11][12][13] Some preliminary work has been done to show the extent of this public health issue. Recent reviews summarize studies presenting mercury concentrations in human specimens of miners and residents as well as their related health effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%