Over the course of history, relatively slow and gradual processes of urbanisation are occasionally interrupted by periods of turbulent restructuring. The post-socialist transition is defi nitely one of the most outstanding examples of these changes, directly aff ecting the lives of over 300 million people. Within the confi nes of this succinct theoretical recapitulation, fi rstly, the relationship between capitalist and socialist urbanisation -as a broader conceptual frame -is presented, followed by the brief summary of the post-socialist transition's general characteristics. Subsequently, the specifi cities of the urban structure of socialist and post-socialist cities are subsumed, and fi nally, diff erent scenarios and development perspectives for post-socialist cities are outlined.