“…Moreover, most of the aforementioned existing PSO variants employed purely the single global best solution [ 19 , 22 , 24 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 39 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 51 ] to guide the search process. In addition, except for a few studies such as Lin et al [ 32 ], Srisukkham et al [ 42 ], Tan et al [ 27 ], and Yu et al [ 36 ], other existing work did not adopt any exemplar breeding strategies to enhance the optimal signals or generate hybrid leaders. Although some studies adopted diverse search mechanisms [ 19 , 24 , 27 , 33 , 42 , 52 ], the search processes in many existing studies [ 22 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 51 ] are mainly conducted by single position updating formula.…”