Global gene expression analysis of Anopheles gambiae responses to microbial challenge

Aguilar, Ruth; Jedlicka, Anne; Mintz, Margaret; Mahairaki, Vassiliki; Scott, Alan L.; Dimopoulos, George

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.02.019

Cited by 98 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated lack of physician awareness and lack of adherence to clinical practice guidelines and recommendations regarding CKD identification and care [23,24,25,26,27,28]. Of particular interest in our analysis is the comparison between the populations suitable for primary and for secondary prevention of CVD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KDOQI Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Care Guidelines and Current Care Patterns in the United States CKD Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

Snyder

Collins

2009

Am J Nephrol

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Background/Aims: National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guidelines aim to slow chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess current CKD population health and adherence to recommendations in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004 participants aged ≥20 years (n = 14,213). Methods: We assessed hypertension and dyslipidemia management and diabetes control, stratified by CKD status and prior history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), to ascertain awareness, treatment, and control. Results: Hypertension was likelier among participants with than without CKD regardless of CVD history, but awareness, treatment, and control were not. Hypertensive participants with CKD were less likely than those without to be taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor-blocking agents. Of participants with no CVD history, high cholesterol was likelier among those with CKD stages 3–4 than among those without CDK, but awareness and treatment were less likely; of participants with CVD history, high cholesterol was less likely among those with than without CKD, and awareness and treatment were as likely. Diabetes control was less likely among diabetic participants with early-stage CKD than without CKD, but not significantly different between late-stage and non-CKD participants. Conclusions: The study timeframe coincided with or pre-dated release of KDOQI guidelines. Many opportunities for improvement in CKD patient care are evident. Future releases of NHANES data could be used to assess whether improvement occurs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

KDOQI Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Care Guidelines and Current Care Patterns in the United States CKD Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

Snyder

Collins

2009

Am J Nephrol

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“…This role was suggested by two previous discoveries: the presence of TH cDNA in a pool of immune induced cDNAs from the hemocytes of G. mellonella (Seitz et al, 2003) and microarray data that suggested slight upregulation (~ 2 fold) of TH in D. melanogaster in response to septic injury (De Gregorio et al, 2001). However, other microarray studies of immune related genes in insects have not detected upregulation of TH (Oduol et al, 2000;Irving et al, 2001;Aquilar et al, 2005). In all of these microarray studies, RNAs from whole insects were analyzed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase from Manduca sexta

Gorman

Kanost

2007

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

111

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In insects, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is required for tanning of newly formed cuticle and the production of melanin during some types of immune responses. DOPA is produced by the hydroxylation of tyrosine, and this reaction can be catalyzed by two types of enzymes: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenoloxidase (PO). TH is required for cuticle tanning in Drosophila melanogaster and for cuticle pigmentation in other insect species, but additional functions of TH have been uncertain. In contrast, an immune function for PO has been well documented. The goal of this study was to characterize TH from Manduca sexta with a focus on its possible contribution to cuticle tanning and immune-associated melanization. We cloned a full length TH cDNA, purified recombinant TH, and confirmed that MsTH and MsPO have tyrosine hydroxylating activity. To determine possible functions, we analyzed TH expression profiles. TH mRNA and protein were present in eggs at the stage when the pharate larval cuticle begins to tan and also in the integument of molting larvae. The amount of TH in the integument was correlated with the degree of cuticle tanning. Unlike PO, which was found to be constitutively expressed by hemocytes and was present in plasma, TH was upregulated in hemocytes and the fat body in response to an immune challenge and remained intracellular. These data suggest that TH is required for cuticle tanning and immunity in M. sexta. Based on the collective information from many studies, we propose a model in which TH is a major producer of the DOPA required for both cuticle tanning and immune-associated melanization.

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“…Since the genome sequence of Anopheles gambiae has been published, microarrays are readily available to study differential gene expression. Aguilar et al and Dimopoulos and colleagues have conducted several excellent microarray-based experiments investigating the immune and stress responses of Sua5B cells to exposure to bacteria, fungi, and Plasmodium species (1,8). Hence, while the Sua5B cell line is useful as a maintenance tool for diverse rickettsiae, it is also a potential model system for vector-Rickettsia interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of Arthropod-Borne Rickettsia spp. in Two Mosquito Cell Lines

Sakamoto

Azad

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular alphaproteobacteria that include pathogenic species in the spotted fever, typhus, and transitional groups. The development of a standardized cell line in which diverse rickettsiae can be grown and compared would be highly advantageous to investigate the differences among and between pathogenic and nonpathogenic species of rickettsiae. Although several rickettsial species have been grown in tick cells, tick cells are more difficult to maintain and they grow more slowly than insect cells. Rickettsiapermissive arthropod cell lines that can be passaged rapidly are highly desirable for studies on arthropodRickettsia interactions. We used two cell lines (Aedes albopictus cell line Aa23 and Anopheles gambiae cell line Sua5B) that have not been used previously for the purpose of rickettsial propagation. We optimized the culture conditions to propagate one transitional-group rickettsial species (Rickettsia felis) and two spotted-fever-group rickettsial species (R. montanensis and R. peacockii) in each cell line. Both cell lines allowed the stable propagation of rickettsiae by weekly passaging regimens. Stable infections were confirmed by PCR, restriction digestion of rompA, sequencing, and the direct observation of bacteria by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These cell lines not only supported rickettsial growth but were also permissive toward the most fastidious species of the three, R. peacockii. The permissive nature of these cell lines suggests that they may potentially be used to isolate novel rickettsiae or other intracellular bacteria. Our results have important implications for the in vitro maintenance of uncultured rickettsiae, as well as providing insights into Rickettsia-arthropod interactions.

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Global gene expression analysis of Anopheles gambiae responses to microbial challenge

Cited by 98 publications

References 57 publications

KDOQI Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Care Guidelines and Current Care Patterns in the United States CKD Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

KDOQI Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes Care Guidelines and Current Care Patterns in the United States CKD Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004

Characterization of tyrosine hydroxylase from Manduca sexta

Propagation of Arthropod-Borne Rickettsia spp. in Two Mosquito Cell Lines

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