Global gendered anti‐Black belonging and racial ideology

Abstract

We review theorizations of gendered anti-Blackness and the scholarship on the politics of belonging. Bridging together this literature, we propose gendered anti-Black non-belonging as an alternative framework for addressing African descendant women's expressions and realities of belonging in the United States and Portugal. We select these two cases for their remarkably distinct-yet related-racial ideologies of the state. In the United States, colorblindness is the main ideology of the state whereas in Portugal anti-racial ideology pervades. As we will highlight, the experiences of belonging among African descendant women in the United States and Portugal challenge the veracity of these racial ideologies which work to render gendered anti-Black oppression invisible. In both cases, anti-Black non-belonging means that African descendant women are vulnerable to gendered state violence and racist practices impacting their individual and group belonging; as a result, the right for Black bodies to be in a particular place and space is constantly contested, and, often, violently regulated and disciplined. Yet, anti-Black belonging is both a matter of oppression and resistance. African-descendant women draw from their everyday knowledge of domination to employ resistance. In doing so, as we will argue, they rewrite the national narrative of race, gender and belonging in Portugal and the United States.

Private Immigration Detention without the Immigrants: The Subtle Use of Controlling Images in the Contemporary Era

“…That is, this history of genocide, slavery, Jim Crow, segregation (racial and residential), mass incarceration, and detention—sometimes termed structural genocide (Glenn, 2015; Wolfe, 2006)—entails institutionalizing the dispossession, exploitation, and extermination of non-white racial others to produce wealth for whites. The settler state continues to operate in the same way today through the policing of borders and one’s belonging, which contributes to the oppression of non-white peoples (Walia & Institute for Anarchist Studies, 2013; Glenn, 2015; Curington and Bailey-Hall, 2021). Hence, settler colonialism is an “ongoing structure,” not a thing of the past but rather a force that continues to shape the system of advantage and disadvantage, the rights and privileges, for all racialized people in America’s ethnoracial hierarchy.…”

Going beyond poles of power to examine the poles: A review of racism/anti‐blackness in Poland

“…A substantive share of research and analysis on anti‐blackness and racism beyond the United States focuses on global power centers like Japan, France and the United Kingdom (Abbas, 2007; Preece, 2008; Yamashiro, 2013). In other European contexts, countries like the Netherlands and Portugal emerge as other cases for discourse on anti‐blackness and racism, contributing to needed trans‐national conversations on anti‐blackness and racism (Currington & Bailey‐Hall, 2021; Weiner, 2014). These European nations are important for the conversation but in order to further the discourse on anti‐blackness and racism, I introduce Poland as a unique case to examine this subject matter.…”