Global Gender Quota Adoption, Implementation, and Reform

Hughes, Melanie M.; Paxton, Pamela; Clayton, Amanda; Zetterberg, Pär

doi:10.5129/001041519x15647434969795

Cited by 80 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Are sanctions necessary to avoid weak implementation? Studies on gender quotas in sport management, corporate boards and legislatures appear to answer this question in the affirmative (Adriaanse 2017;Hughes et al 2019;Hughes, Paxton, and Krook 2017;Sisjord, Fasting, and Sand 2017). However, as shown next, some reservations can be made to this consensus in the literature, as in some cases of quotas in sport management, sanctions existed but were finally not applied.…”

Section: Literature Review and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of gender quotas in sport management: the case of Spain

Valiente

2020

Sport in Society

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This article investigates the impact of gender quotas on sport management by analyzing the gender quota established in 2014 in Spain on boards of national sport federations (of at least three women or 33% of board members). Drawing on published and on-line documents and eighty-six interviews of female and male federation board members, I find that the Spanish gender quota increased the proportion of women board members (but not the proportion of women federation presidents). Economic sanctions for non-compliance made the quota effective. The quota had the effect within federations of making gender inequality more visible. Thus, this research concludes that gender quotas have substantial consequences for sport management other than the numerical increment of women managers.

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Section: Literature Review and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of gender quotas in sport management: the case of Spain

Valiente

2020

Sport in Society

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“…The primary variable, Women’s Pol Repr(QAROT) , is estimated as the log-transformation of the percent of women in the national legislature, lower house. This descriptive indicator of women’s political representation is taken from the Quota Adoption and Reform Over Time project (Hughes et al, 2017; Hughes et al, 2019). Results are replicated with an alternative measure from the Global Gender Gap Index of the World Economic Forum (2021).…”

Section: Data and Research Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women’s descriptive representation and support for the inclusion of gender-related provisions in trade agreements

Park

Shin

2023

Research & Politics

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Recent regional trade agreements (RTAs) tend to link gender and trade issues through gender-related provisions. This pattern is mostly observed in RTAs formed between global North and South countries. Despite a growing interest in gender-related provisions among countries, there have not been systematic studies on the formation of RTAs with these instruments. Our study underscores women’s descriptive representation. Female representatives care more about advancing women’s interests and improving their status than their male counterparts. Thus, we posit that when women’s political representation in a country’s legislature is high, it is more likely to support gender-related provisions. Focusing on RTAs between the European Union and democratic developing countries from 1997 and 2016, we find some support that women’s presence in the legislature affects trade policy outcomes. Countries with higher female representation in the legislature tend to join RTAs with gender-related provisions, but these countries do not increase their commitment to gender equality by adding multiple provisions on gender.

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“…We build on current work by examining (1) quotas' longitudinal, global effect on approval of women politicians and (2) how their diverse features and therefore strength, alongside country context, shape this relationship (Hughes et al 2019). In doing so, we engage existing hypotheses about how quotas might influence beliefs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Cross-national party-level data are unavailable or inconsistent due to timing and format variation across parties between and within nations(Hughes et al 2019). Additionally, because party quotas target internal party operations, they are neither nationally applied nor legally binding.…”

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confidence: 99%

Making Women Visible: How Gender Quotas Shape Global Attitudes toward Women in Politics

Kim

Fallon

2023

Pol & Gen

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Since the 1990s, gender quotas have been celebrated for improving women’s equality. Yet their cross-national and longitudinal impact on attitudes toward female politicians and the mechanism through which this process occurs are not well understood. Using multilevel modeling on 87 nations, we examine how different types of quotas, with varied features and levels of strength, shape beliefs about women in politics. We give particular attention to the mechanism of visibility created by quotas in impacting attitudes. Results suggest that unlike quotas with features facilitating low visibility (i.e., weak quotas), those producing high visibility (i.e., robust quotas) significantly impact public approval of women in politics. However, the direction of this effect varies by quota type. Social context also matters. Robust quota effects—both positive and negative—are especially pronounced in democracies but are insignificant in nondemocracies. Limited differences by gender (men versus women) emerge. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.

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Global Gender Quota Adoption, Implementation, and Reform

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

The impact of gender quotas in sport management: the case of Spain

The impact of gender quotas in sport management: the case of Spain

Women’s descriptive representation and support for the inclusion of gender-related provisions in trade agreements

Making Women Visible: How Gender Quotas Shape Global Attitudes toward Women in Politics

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