Global forest governance — Bringing forestry science (back) in

What a forest? Whose forest? Struggles over concepts and meanings in the debate about the conservation of the Białowieża Forest in Poland

“…While two discourses ("managerial" and "livelihood") emphasised the professionalism of foresters and the rights of local people respectively, this was discarded by the third discourse ("primaeval") which emphasised that the forest's intrinsic value, independent of human action, was of international concern. Thus, in essence, the forest was detached from its original local context and relocated within a European/global ecosystem (Werland, 2009).…”

“…The issue of reconciling local interests with wider goals of forest governance is also a central policy challenge across Europe (and beyond). According to Werland (2009), who addressed the internationalisation of forest politics, the concept of "forest" is increasingly understood and placed within the broader context of global environmental and development concerns. As a consequence, the traditional focus on forests providing national resources and local services is now complemented by the concept that forests are part of the global ecological system and of common concern to mankind (Werland, 2009).…”

“…A good example is "sustainable forest management", an influential concept in forest governance, which has been challenged and changed over time (Werland, 2009;Winkel et al, 2011). Clearly, it matters for policy whether forests are conceptualised as, e.g., models of "sustainable management", "sources of renewable energy", "carbon sinks", "ecological networks" or "providers of ecosystem services".…”

Reviewing the main characteristics of the international forest regime complex and partial explanations for its fragmentation

“…Some authors avoid using the regime terminology and refer instead to the broader concept of global forest governance (Arts and Buizer 2009, Brown 2001, Glück et al 2005, Humphreys 2009, Hoogeveen and Verkooijen 2011, Levin et al 2008, Pattberg 2005, Visseren-Hamakers and Glasbergen 2007, Werland 2009). This is backed mostly by the more explicit theoretical consideration of the role of private (i.e., non-state) actors and institutions that can be achieved using global governance as an analytical perspective (Arts 1998, 2000, Pattberg and Dingwerth 2006, Pattberg 2007).…”

Differences in perceptions of the effectiveness of a regulated forest certification scheme between stakeholders from community forestry and industrial forestry in Indonesia

“…This also has resulted in criticism from environmental institutions and has driven non-state actors to lobby for the reform of forest governance (Brown, 2001). Werland (2009) defines global forest governance as a process involving participation of state and non-state actors to manage forest resources.…”