Global evolutionary history and spatio-temporal dynamics of dengue virus type 2

Abstract

DENV-2 spread throughout the tropical and subtropical regions globally, which is implicated in deadly outbreaks of DHF and DSS. Since dengue cases have grown dramatically in recent years, about half of the world’s population is now at risk. Our timescale analysis indicated that the most recent common ancestor existed about 100 years ago. The rate of nucleotide substitution was estimated to be 8.94 × 10−4 subs/site/year. Selection pressure analysis showed that two sites 160 and 403 were under positive selection, while E gene is mainly shaped by stronger purifying selection. BSP analysis showed that estimating effective population size from samples of sequences has undergone three obvious increases, additionally, Caribbean and Puerto Rico maintained higher levels of genetic diversity relative to other 6 representative geographical populations using GMRF method. The phylogeographic analysis indicated that two major transmission routes are from South America to Caribbean and East&SouthAsia to Puerto Rico. The trunk reconstruction confirmed that the viral evolution spanned 50 years occurred primarily in Southeast Asia and East&South Asia. In addition, phylogeographic association-trait analysis indicated that the viral phenotypes are highly correlated with phylogeny in Nicaragua and Puerto Rico (P < 0.05).

Inhibition of N‐myristoyltransferase1 affects dengue virus replication

“…First, we performed in silico analysis to further test the DENV‐host interactions related to the replication cycle in dendritic cells, the primary sentinel human target cell and the primary target for DENV replication and mediated immunity (Marovich et al., ; Schmid, Diamond, & Harris, ). We included DENV Serotype 2 strain 16681 in the in silico analysis (Figure ), which showed that DENV‐2 had a high abundance of predicted N ‐myristoylation sites and that DENV‐2 strains were associated with severe dengue cases and most frequently found in worldwide epidemics (Nunes et al., ; Wei & Li, ). DENV strain 16681 was isolated from a patient with a severe case of dengue fever and has been widely used to study DENV pathogenesis (Okamoto et al., ).…”

“…associated with the membrane involved. The difference in multiplicity of infection (MOI) (0.1, 1, 10) with the level of NMT1 expression was MOIdependent were associated with severe dengue cases and most frequently found in worldwide epidemics (Nunes et al, 2016;Wei & Li, 2017).…”

Natural Infection of Aedes aegypti by Chikungunya and Dengue type 2 Virus in a Transition Area of North-Northeast Brazil

“…According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, a total of 1,455,898 probable dengue cases have been reported in the country from January to September 2019 [7]. The disease is caused by Dengue virus (DENV) (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae), which has four serotypes, characterized by four to six genotypes: DENV-1 (genotypes I, II, III, IV, V, and VI) [8,9], DENV-2 (Asian/American, Asian 1, Asian 2, Cosmopolitan, and American genotypes) [10], DENV-3 (genotypes I-V) [11], and DENV-4 (genotypes I, IIA, IIB, III, IV [sylvatic], and V) [12].…”

Codon adaptation biases among sylvatic and urban genotypes of Dengue virus type 2

“…Six distinct DENV-2 genotypes are recognized (Costa et al, 2012;Twiddy et al, 2002;Wei and Li, 2017). The Sylvatic genotype circulates in a sylvatic cycle, while the American, American/Asian, Asian 1, Asian 2 and Cosmopolitan genotypes circulate in urban cycle (Wang et al, 2000).…”

“…The Sylvatic genotype circulates in a sylvatic cycle, while the American, American/Asian, Asian 1, Asian 2 and Cosmopolitan genotypes circulate in urban cycle (Wang et al, 2000). Inferred evolutionary relationships of DENV suggest that the urban genotypes evolved from sylvatic lineages due to several crossspecies transmission events into humans, followed by the recent (i.e., early 20th century) evolution of urban forms (Messina et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2000;Wei and Li, 2017). Notably, environmental and social factors such as the introduction of the anthropophilic vector, urbanization, deforestation and the increased human travel and trade have facilitated the emergence, spread and evolution of DENV into human populations (Mayer et al, 2017;Parvez and Parveen, 2017).…”