Global evolution of influenza A viruses in swine

Vincent, Amy L.; Lewis, Nicola S.; Webby, Richard J.

doi:10.1002/9781118924341.ch18

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…In most cases, the virus is not well adapted to transmission via the new host, however host adaptation can evolve via point mutations and genetic reassortment. The risk that this process leads to a pandemic is difficult to quantify but is non-negligible (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). In 2009 a novel subtype of H1N1 IAV spilled over from swine to humans leading to a pandemic which was estimated to infect approximately 60.8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of this study was to quantify the effectiveness of IAV control measures targeting both hogs and the workforce within a single, typical U.S. indoor hog-growing unit. The current model differs from previous research by: (1) incorporating stochastic transmission between pigs and the workforce, (2) evaluating multiple combinations of prevention, biosecurity and workplace policies on IAV dynamics within a US indoor growing unit, and (3) comparing the effectiveness of these measures in terms of cases averted in both pigs and the workforce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A stochastic compartmental model to simulate intra- and inter-species influenza transmission in an indoor swine farm

Kontowicz

Moreno-Madriñan

Ragland

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Common in swine production worldwide, influenza causes significant reductions in feed efficiency and potential transmission to the workforce. Swine vaccines are not universally used in swine production, partly due to their limited efficacy because of continuously evolving influenza viruses. We evaluated the effects of vaccination, quarantine of infected pigs, and changes to workforce routine (ensuring workers moved from younger pig batches to older pig batches). A Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered model was used to simulate stochastic influenza transmission during a single production cycle on an indoor hog growing unit containing 4000 pigs and two workers. The absence of control practices resulted in 3,958 pigs [1 – 3972] being infected and a 0.61 probability of workforce infection. Quarantine of infected pigs the same day they became infectious was the single effective control practice, reducing the number of infected pigs to 3 [1 - 3961] and the probability of workforce infection to 0.27. The second-best control practice was mass pig vaccination (80% effective vaccine), which reduced the number of infected pigs to 23.5 [1 - 635] and the probability of workforce infection to 0.07. The third-best control practice was changing the worker routine by starting with younger to older pig batches, which reduced the number of infected pigs to 997 [1 - 1984] and the probability of workforce infection (0.22). All other control practices, when considered alone, showed little improvement in reducing total infected pigs and the probability of workforce infection. Combining all control strategies reduced the total number of infected pigs to 1 or 2 with a minimal probability of workforce infection (0.03 – 0.01). These findings suggest that non-pharmaceutical interventions can reduce the impact of influenza on swine production and reduce the risk of interspecies transmission when efficacious vaccines are unavailable. Therefore, these results can help prevent the emergence of influenza strains with pandemic potential.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stochastic compartmental model to simulate intra- and inter-species influenza transmission in an indoor swine farm

Kontowicz

Moreno-Madriñan

Ragland

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Phylogenetic Analysis of HA and NA Genes of Swine Influenza Viruses in Serbia in 2016-2018

Zorić¹,

Milićević²,

Stevančević

et al. 2020

Acta Veterinaria

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Pigs are very important for the epidemiology of influenza A viruses, being commonly infected with the lineages of most adapted H1N1, H3N2, H1N2 swine subtypes. Epidemiological complexity of swine influenza is increasing by a periodic spillover of human or avian viruses in the pig population when genetic shifts can occur. The objectives of this research were to determine the presence of the influenza A virus in nasal and tracheobronchial swabs and lung tissue samples of ill and dead pigs on commercial farms, to determine circulating subtypes and characterize them through the phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. A total of 255 samples collected from 13 farms were analyzed by means of real-time RTPCR. The genome of influenza A virus was detected in 24 samples, which represented a 61.5% prevalence at the farms level (influenza A virus was confirmed in 8 out of 13 farms included in this study). Based on HA and NA gene sequences of 8 viruses, the circulation of H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza A viruses were determined. In addition, one farm exhibited a time separated circulation of H1N1 and H3N2 virus subtypes. Using Influenza Research Database, our viruses of the H1 subtype were classified into 1C.2.1 and 1A.3.3.2. clade. Based on the nucleotide sequences of HA genes, three viruses of the H1N1 subtype belong to the H1N1pdm09 lineage, and the other four to Eurasian “avian-like” H1avN1 lineage; while based on NA genes sequences, these seven viruses belong to Eurasian “avian-like” H1avN1 lineage. Both HA and NA genes of the virus of the H3N2 subtype belonged to the A/swine/ Gent/1/1984-like H3N2 lineage.

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Global evolution of influenza A viruses in swine

Cited by 2 publications

References 103 publications

A stochastic compartmental model to simulate intra- and inter-species influenza transmission in an indoor swine farm

A stochastic compartmental model to simulate intra- and inter-species influenza transmission in an indoor swine farm

Phylogenetic Analysis of HA and NA Genes of Swine Influenza Viruses in Serbia in 2016-2018

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