Global estimates of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

Khan, Muhammad Azhar; Khan, Muhammad Zahir; Zaman, Khalid; Naz, Lubna

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.091

Cited by 151 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The relation between energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions has been investigated thoroughly and confirmed and the role of the residential sector in global warming has been pointed out to be significant . The building sector accounts for approximately 40 % of primary energy consumption in first world countries and 20–30 % globally .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Renewable Polyester Matrices

Geervliet

Gavrila

Iasilli

et al. 2018

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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This study reports for the first time the use of bio‐based alternatives for PMMA as host matrix for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs). Notably, two types of renewable polyesters were synthesized in varying molar ratios via a two‐step melt‐polycondensation reaction with dibutyl tin oxide as catalyst. The first is a homopolymer of diethyl 2,3:4,5‐di‐O‐methylene galactarate (GxMe) and isosorbide (IGPn), and the second is a random copolymer of GxMe with 1,3‐propanediol and dimethyl terephthalate (GTPn). The two polyesters were found to be optically transparent, totally amorphous with a Tg higher than 45 °C and temperature resistance comparable to PMMA. Lumogen Red (LR) and an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) fluorophore, TPETPAFN, were utilized as fluorophores and the derived thin polymer films (25 μm) were found highly homogeneous, especially for those prepared from GTPn, possibly due to the presence of compatibilizing terephthalate units in the matrix composition and the higher molecular weight. The spectroscopic characterization and the optical efficiency determination (ηopt) evidenced LSCs performances similar or superior to those collected from LR/PMMA thin films. Noteworthy, ηopt of 7.7 % and 7.1 % were recorded for the GTPn‐based matrix containing LR and TPETPAFN, respectively, thus definitely supporting the bio‐based polyesters as renewable and highly fluorophore‐compatible matrices for high‐performance LSCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on Renewable Polyester Matrices

Geervliet

Gavrila

Iasilli

et al. 2018

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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“…As a result, the availability and cost of energy are among major factors influencing the economic viability of irrigated agriculture in these regions. In addition, energy consumption for irrigation has major environmental consequences, mainly due to the emission of greenhouse gases [1,2]. Wang et al [3] have reported that pumping groundwater for irrigation accounts for 3% of total emissions from agriculture in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficiencies, Environmental Impacts and Economics of Energy Consumption for Groundwater-Based Irrigation in Oklahoma

et al. 2019

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Irrigation pumping is a major expense of agricultural operations, especially in arid/semi-arid areas that extract large amounts of water from deep groundwater resources. Studying and improving pumping efficiencies can have direct impacts on farm net profits and on the amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) emitted from pumping plants. In this study, the overall pumping efficiency (OPE), the GHG emissions, and the costs of irrigation pumping were investigated for electric pumps extracting from the Rush Springs (RS) aquifer in central Oklahoma and the natural gas-powered pumps tapping the Ogallala (OG) aquifer in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The results showed that all electric plants and the majority of natural gas plants operated at OPE levels below achievable standard levels. The total emission from the plants in the OG region was 49% larger than that from plants in the RS region. However, the emission per unit irrigated area and unit total dynamic head of pumping was 4% smaller for the natural gas plants in the OG area. A long-term analysis conducted over the 2001–2017 period revealed that 34% and 19% reductions in energy requirements and 52% and 20% decreases in GHG emissions can be achieved if the OPE were improved to achievable standards for plants in the RS and OG regions, respectively.

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“…According to rough estimates, each year Earth's surface from solar radiation received at 5.4 × 1024 J, which is substantially equal to the energy that 1.8 × 1014 T standard coal combustion generated. f the amount of radiation to electrical energy, the annual generating capacity can reach staggering 5600 TWh, which is currently about 40 times of the world's annual energy consumption [2]. From the data above, the problem in the future energy needs of the world can be solved undoubtedly if large-scale photovoltaic power generation is able to combine with electric networks.…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 99%