Global equatorial plasma bubble occurrence during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

Carter, Brett; Yizengaw, E.; Pradipta, Rezy; Retterer, J. M.; Groves, K. M.; Valladares, C. E.; Caton, R. G.; Bridgwood, C.; Norman, Robert; Zhang, K.

doi:10.1002/2015ja022194

Cited by 84 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Our observations are also reinforced by what was found by Carter et al [2016], who reported the weakening of the interplanetary electric field at ∼00 UT on 18 March (corresponding to the postmidnight sector in SEA), which led to the weakening of the RTI growth rate. In the following days, Carter et al [2016] reported also the absence of RTI formation.…”

Section: Magnetic Data 221 Ground-based Magnetometerssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…h 0 F as measured at Sanya from 20 to 24 March 2015. are in agreement with the modeled RTI growth rate and amplitude scintillation observations in Bangkok (13.75°N, 100.48°E) reported inFigure 2lofCarter et al [2016]. are in agreement with the modeled RTI growth rate and amplitude scintillation observations in Bangkok (13.75°N, 100.48°E) reported inFigure 2lofCarter et al [2016].…”

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confidence: 90%

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Formation of ionospheric irregularities over Southeast Asia during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

et al. 2016

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We investigate the geospace response to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm leveraging on instruments spread over Southeast Asia (SEA), covering a wide longitudinal sector of the low‐latitude ionosphere. A regional characterization of the storm is provided, identifying the peculiarities of ionospheric irregularity formation. The novelties of this work are the characterization in a broad longitudinal range and the methodology relying on the integration of data acquired by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, magnetometers, ionosondes, and Swarm satellites. This work is a legacy of the project EquatoRial Ionosphere Characterization in Asia (ERICA). ERICA aimed to capture the features of both crests of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA) and trough (EIT) by means of a dedicated measurement campaign. The campaign lasted from March to October 2015 and was able to observe the ionospheric variability causing effects on radio systems, GNSS in particular. The multiinstrumental and multiparametric observations of the region enabled an in‐depth investigation of the response to the largest geomagnetic storm of the current solar cycle in a region scarcely reported in literature. Our work discusses the comparison between northern and southern crests of the EIA in the SEA region. The observations recorded positive and negative ionospheric storms, spread F conditions, scintillation enhancement and inhibition, and total electron content variability. The ancillary information on the local magnetic field highlights the variety of ionospheric perturbations during the different storm phases. The combined use of ionospheric bottomside, topside, and integrated information points out how the storm affects the F layer altitude and the consequent enhancement/suppression of scintillations.

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Section: Magnetic Data 221 Ground-based Magnetometerssupporting

confidence: 90%

supporting

confidence: 90%

Formation of ionospheric irregularities over Southeast Asia during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

et al. 2016

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“…These results are consistent with those reported by Carter et al . [] using a global network of 12 GPS receiving stations. Carter et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly localized unique electrodynamics and plasma irregularities linked with the 17 March 2015 severe magnetic storm observed using multitechnique common‐volume observations from Gadanki, India

et al. 2016

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In this paper we study equatorial electrodynamics and plasma irregularities linked with the 17 March 2015 severe magnetic storm in the Indian sector by using common volume observations made by the Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer, airglow imager, Digisonde, and GPS receiver established at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). Observations show that with the initiation of the storm at ~06:00 UT on 17 March, which happened to be midday in the Indian sector, the low‐latitude ionosphere responded in tune with the storm‐induced electric field and by the sunset time the base of the F layer ascended to an altitude of 470 km with a peak upward velocity of 50 m s−1 eventually manifesting equatorial plasma bubble and irregularities causing strong GPS scintillation. The most important finding found in this study is the confinement of plasma bubble and irregularities in a narrow longitude zone of 69°E–98°E. Results also show reversal of zonal drift of the irregularities from ~120 m s−1 eastward drift to ~120 m s−1 westward drift in a time span of ~30 min. Both observations are shown to be linked with very special electrodynamical conditions induced by the magnetic storm‐related electric field in the dusk sector. Intriguing details of the longitudinally localized electrodynamics and plasma irregularities are discussed in terms of prompt penetration and disturbed dynamo electric field effects.

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“…C/NOFS observations during the 2008-2009 solar minimum that were reported by Dao et al (2011) showed convincing evidence that lower atmospheric forcing might play a significant role in EPB generation. In addition to these observations, modeling has shown that R-T growth is still possible under small/negative upward plasma drift conditions (Carter et al 2016) and that EPB development and characteristics can be significantly influenced by the presence of atmospheric gravity waves (Retterer and Roddy 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unseasonal development of post-sunset F-region irregularities over Southeast Asia on 28 July 2014: 1. Forcing from above?

Carter

Ram

Yizengaw

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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This contribution is the first of a two-part investigation into an unseasonal post-sunset equatorial F-region irregularity (EFI) event over the Southeast Asian region on the evening of 28 July 2014. Ground-based GPS scintillation data, space-based GPS radio occultation (RO) data, and ionosonde data show the existence of EFIs shortly after sunset over a region spanning 30°in longitude and 40°in latitude, centered on the geomagnetic equator. This post-sunset EFI event was observed during a time of the year when post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are very infrequent in the Southeast Asian longitude sector. GPS RO data shows that the EFI event over Southeast Asia coincided with the suppression of peak-season EPBs in the African and Pacific longitude sectors. Ionosonde data shows the presence of a strong pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) in the upward plasma drift over Southeast Asia prior to the detection of EFIs. Further, it is reported that this PRE was significantly stronger than on any other day of July 2014. An analysis of the geophysical conditions during this event reveals that this enhanced PRE was not caused by disturbed geomagnetic activity. Therefore, it is hypothesized that forcing from lower altitudes, perhaps tidal/planetary waves, was the potential cause of this strong PRE, and the subsequent EPB/EFI activity, on this day over the Southeast Asian sector.

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Global equatorial plasma bubble occurrence during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

Cited by 84 publications

References 51 publications

Formation of ionospheric irregularities over Southeast Asia during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

Formation of ionospheric irregularities over Southeast Asia during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm

Highly localized unique electrodynamics and plasma irregularities linked with the 17 March 2015 severe magnetic storm observed using multitechnique common‐volume observations from Gadanki, India

Unseasonal development of post-sunset F-region irregularities over Southeast Asia on 28 July 2014: 1. Forcing from above?

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