Global epidemiology of prediabetes - present and future perspectives

Abstract

Prediabetes is defined as an intermediate state of hyperglycaemia with glucose levels above the normal state but below the diagnostic levels of diabetes. It is increasingly recognised as an important metabolic state, as individuals with prediabetes are at high risk of developing overt diabetes and its associated complications. A better understanding of prediabetes could help with earlier identification, thereby allowing earlier intervention, potentially lowering the number of individuals who go on to develop diabetes. The definitions and screening criteria for prediabetes differ between guidelines published by different organisations, resulting in estimations of prevalence that can vary widely from one another. Despite these differences, these estimates suggest that the number of individuals affected by prediabetes is increasing rapidly in all areas of the world. This short review compares and contrasts the diagnostic criteria for screening of prediabetes, the impact of various glycaemic measures on prevalence estimates, and discusses current and future trends in the global prevalence estimates of prediabetes.

Quaternary prevention. Prediabetes: risk, disease or overdiagnosis? The diseases which are not of great danger should not be teased by medicines (Plato, 5th century BC)

“…11 Procjena prevalencije ovisi o dijagnostičkim kriteriji ma i populaciji na kojoj se procjenjuje. 12,13 Studija Cro Diab GP, provedena 2010. u Hrvatskoj (2 neovisne vri jednosti IFGa; populacija od 45 do 70 godina) poka zala je prevalenciju predijabetesa od 23% uz IFG 6,1 -6,9 mmol/L i od 30,2% uz IFG 5,6 -6,9 mmol/L. Računa se da progresija predijabetesa u šećernu bolest, prema novim kriterijima, iznosi 2% na godinu.…”

“…Računa se da progresija predijabetesa u šećernu bolest, prema novim kriterijima, iznosi 2% na godinu. [10][11][12][13] Dijabetes zadovoljava preduvjete za probir: ima epi demiološko i javnozdravstveno značenje, otkriva se standardiziranim postupcima, otkrivena bolest može se liječiti. Prijašnji se probir radio određivanjem glu koze natašte svima starijima od 40 godina (populistič ki ili univerzalni probir).…”

“…Godišnja progresija predijabetesa u šećernu bolest iznosi 5 -10%. 12,16,17 Populacijski, treba provesti primarnu prevencijupoticati zdrav način života, što je multisektorska akci ja, koja uključuje ne samo primarnu prevenciju dijabe tesa nego i spektra kardiovaskularnih bolesti što su glavni uzrok mortaliteta.…”

A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of a Herbal Medicine Containing Pycnogenol Combined with Papain and Aloe vera in the Prevention and Management of Pre-Diabetes

“…Others report that transition to overt diabetes may be as high as 38% [20]. Notwithstanding, most patients diagnosed with metabolic abnormalities (e.g., obesity, dyslipidemia) will have a high probability of future progression to T2D [21]. Furthermore, individuals suspected to be pre-diabetic will have a significantly increased risk of developing associated T2D pathologies, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, macrovascular complications and nephropathy [21].…”

“…Notwithstanding, most patients diagnosed with metabolic abnormalities (e.g., obesity, dyslipidemia) will have a high probability of future progression to T2D [21]. Furthermore, individuals suspected to be pre-diabetic will have a significantly increased risk of developing associated T2D pathologies, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, macrovascular complications and nephropathy [21]. Blood lipid pathology tests for total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant differences between treatment allocation groups at the end of the study-a trend that is probably mostly linked to levels of physical activity remaining unchanged throughout this study in both groups.…”