Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: An up-date of the distribution and circulation of hepatitis C virus genotypes

Abstract

AIMTo review Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence and genotypes distribution worldwide.METHODSWe conducted a systematic study which represents one of the most comprehensive effort to quantify global HCV epidemiology, using the best available published data between 2000 and 2015 from 138 countries (about 90% of the global population), grouped in 20 geographical areas (with the exclusion of Oceania), as defined by the Global Burden of Diseases project (GBD). Countries for which we were unable to obtain HCV genotype prevalence data were excluded from calculations of regional proportions, although their populations were included in the total population size of each region when generating regional genotype prevalence estimates.RESULTSTotal global HCV prevalence is estimated at 2.5% (177.5 million of HCV infected adults), ranging from 2.9% in Africa and 1.3% in Americas, with a global viraemic rate of 67% (118.9 million of HCV RNA positive cases), varying from 64.4% in Asia to 74.8% in Australasia. HCV genotype 1 is the most prevalent worldwide (49.1%), followed by genotype 3 (17.9%), 4 (16.8%) and 2 (11.0%). Genotypes 5 and 6 are responsible for the remaining < 5%. While genotypes 1 and 3 are common worldwide, the largest proportion of genotypes 4 and 5 is in lower-income countries. Although HCV genotypes 1 and 3 infections are the most prevalent globally (67.0% if considered together), other genotypes are found more commonly in lower-income countries where still account for a significant proportion of HCV cases.CONCLUSIONA more precise knowledge of HCV genotype distribution will be helpful to best inform national healthcare models to improve access to new treatments.

Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents

“…Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major public health burden, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 2.5% of the population (177.5 million infected adults); this ranges from 1.3% in the Americas to 2.9% in Africa 1. In the United States alone, an estimated 3 million to 4 million persons are chronically infected with HCV, and approximately half are unaware of their infectious status and do not receive appropriate care.…”

Investigation of the Significance of Detection of the Nucleocapsid Antigen of the Hepatitis C Virus in Children With Chronic Hepatitis C

“…Гамалеи, 18 +7(499)190-30-01; dr.leybman@gmail.com Elena A. Leybman, PhD, junior researcher of laboratory of gene engineering products National Research Center оf Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, Russia; +7(499) 190-30-01; dr.leybman@gmail.com В Российской Федерации (РФ) отмечается не-благоприятная эпидемиологическая ситуация по вирусно-му гепатиту С, доля серопозитивных лиц, по данным зару-бежных исследователей, составляет около 4% [1,2]. Ана-лизируя особенности современной эпидемиологической ситуации в РФ, специалисты отмечают значительное сни-жение заболеваемости острым гепатитом С, но очень вы-сокий общий показатель хронически инфицированных лиц -335,8 на 100 тысяч [3,4].…”

Hospitalizations Related to Hepatitis C Infection in Spain: Epidemiology and Comorbidities

“…Total global HCV prevalence is estimated at 2.5% (177.5 million of HCV infected adults), ranging from 1.3% in Americas to 2.9% in Africa, with a global viraemic rate of 67% (118.9 million of HCV RNA positive cases), varying from 64.4% in Asia to 74.8% in Australasia [1].…”

“…Total global HCV prevalence is estimated at 2.5% (177.5 million of HCV infected adults), ranging from 1.3% in Americas to 2.9% in Africa, with a global viraemic rate of 67% (118.9 million of HCV RNA positive cases), varying from 64.4% in Asia to 74.8% in Australasia [1].To the date, no national study to assess the real situation of HCV infection has been performed in Spain, although based on the limited regional studies published, the global prevalence is estimated to be around 1.5% [2,3]. HCV primary infection causes an acute hepatitis that is often clinically unnoticed and evolves in more than 80% of the cases to chronicity [4,5].…”