Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors

Huang, Daniel Q.; Maury, Philippe; Cortez‐Pinto, Helena; Loomba, Rohit

doi:10.1038/s41575-022-00688-6

Cited by 212 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Alcohol consumption increases the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer in patient with chronic liver disease, such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C [ 46 , 47 ]. In addition, many risk factors interact with alcohol in a synergistic manner for development of cirrhosis and liver cancer [ 48 ]. Obesity, affecting more than 2 billion people in the world, is an independent risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer [ 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of alcohol use to the global burden of cirrhosis and liver cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projections to 2044

et al. 2023

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Background Identifying the temporal trends of cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to alcohol use in both the past and the future can formulate the control strategies. Methods Data on cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to alcohol use from 1990 to 2019, including mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. To analyze the temporal trends, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated, and the Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied. Result Deaths and DALY of cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to alcohol use increased year by years, but the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized DALY rate declined or remained stable from 1990 to 2019 in most regions of the world. The burden of cirrhosis attributable to alcohol increased in low-middle social-development index (SDI) regions, while the burden of liver cancer increased in high-SDI regions. Eastern Europe and Central Asia have the highest burden of cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by alcohol use. Deaths and DALYs are mainly distributed in people aged 40+ years, but there is an increasing trend in people aged under 40 years. New deaths from cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to alcohol use are predicted to increase in the next 25 years, but the ASDR of cirrhosis in males will increase slightly. Conclusions Although the age-standardized rate of cirrhosis and liver cancer due to alcohol use have decreased, the absolute burden increased and will continue to increase. Therefore, alcohol control measures should be further strengthened and improved through effective national policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of alcohol use to the global burden of cirrhosis and liver cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projections to 2044

et al. 2023

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“…Heavy alcohol consumption causes a wide spectrum of direct liver injury ranging from steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Globally, 25% of cirrhosis deaths in 2019 were estimated to be associated with alcohol [1]. For each region, the highest percentage of cirrhosis deaths associated with alcohol was in Europe (42%), while the lowest was in the Eastern Mediterranean region (8%) [1].…”

Section: Overview Of Research Background and Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, 25% of cirrhosis deaths in 2019 were estimated to be associated with alcohol [1]. For each region, the highest percentage of cirrhosis deaths associated with alcohol was in Europe (42%), while the lowest was in the Eastern Mediterranean region (8%) [1]. Fibrosis is thought to initiate in the perivenular area, and continued fibrosis leads to scar tissue formation that replaces liver parenchyma, leading to cirrhosis ultimately [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

ACIM

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This study demonstrates that Qinggan Huoxue Recipe (QGHXR), a traditional Chinese medicinal formula, is proved to protect mice from ethanol plus CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. What's more, QGHXR-induced antifibrotic effects are dependent on CXCL16 deactivation, which also suggests that CXCL16 could serve as a novel target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Overview of Research Background and PurposeHeavy alcohol consumption causes a wide spectrum of direct liver injury ranging from steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Globally, 25% of cirrhosis deaths in 2019 were estimated to be associated with alcohol [1]. For each region, the highest percentage of cirrhosis deaths associated with alcohol was in Europe (42%), while the lowest was in the Eastern Mediterranean region (8%) [1]. Fibrosis is thought to initiate in the perivenular area, and continued fibrosis leads to scar tissue formation that replaces liver parenchyma, leading to cirrhosis ultimately [2]. In recent years, genetic studies have identified new genes highly associated with alcoholic liver fibrosis. Many of these genes regulate key inflammatory pathways that are dysregulated in the disease [3]. CXCL16 is a chemotactic cytokine belonging to the α-chemokine subfamily, functioning as a ligand for the CXC Chemokine Receptor 6 (CXCR6) [4]. CXCL16 plays a significant role in the progression

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“…Alcohol abuse is a growing public health problem worldwide [ 1 , 2 ]. In comparison to adults, adolescents are more likely to feel the stimulant effects of alcohol and exhibit poorer self-control, which results in the widespread binge drinking of alcohol among adolescents [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treadmill Exercise Prevents Cognitive Impairments in Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Rats by Reducing the Excessive Activation of Microglia Cell in the Hippocampus

Guo

Yan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The excessive activation of microglia cell induced by adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) leads to neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in the modulation of microglia activation. Accumulating evidence suggests that regular exercise improves learning and memory deficits in AIE models. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of treadmill exercise intervention on the cognitive performance, activation of microglia cells and the expression of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) in the hippocampus of AIE rats. Here, we show that AIE rats exhibited cognitive impairments, whereas the treadmill exercise improves the cognitive performance in AIE rats. In order to explore the possible mechanisms for the exercise-induced attenuation of cognitive disorder, we examined the neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. We found that treadmill exercise led to the decrease in the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and the increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). In addition, we found that treadmill exercise reduced the excessive activation of the microglia cell in the hippocampus of AIE rats. Finally, we found that AIE led to a decrease in the expression of CB1R and CB2R in the hippocampus; however, the treadmill exercise further decreased the expression of CB2R in the hippocampus of AIE rats. Our results suggest that treadmill exercise attenuates AIE-induced neuroinflammation and the excessive activation of hippocampus microglial cells, which may contribute to the exercise-induced improvement of cognitive performance in AIE rats.

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Global epidemiology of alcohol-associated cirrhosis and HCC: trends, projections and risk factors

Cited by 212 publications

References 122 publications

Contribution of alcohol use to the global burden of cirrhosis and liver cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projections to 2044

Contribution of alcohol use to the global burden of cirrhosis and liver cancer from 1990 to 2019 and projections to 2044

Untitled

Treadmill Exercise Prevents Cognitive Impairments in Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Rats by Reducing the Excessive Activation of Microglia Cell in the Hippocampus

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