Global Energy Security Index and Its Application on National Level

Azzuni, Abdelrahman; Breyer, Christian

doi:10.3390/en13102502

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Lo (2011), for example, noted that the dependence on oil was a principal factor constraining energy diversification for some Asian countries. These findings reflect the energy security status of each country, which was assessed by Azzuni and Breyer (2020) in their study of global energy security in which they computed energy security indices for all countries in the world. The most energy diversified countries were more likely to have higher energy security indices than the least diversified.…”

Section: Status Of Energy Diversification In Africa's Largest Economiesmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Even though the order of these countries in terms of energy security does not precisely match with the order of the countries in terms of EMCIs in this study; it could be seen that Kenya, Morocco, and Ghana which feature among the top five most energy diversified countries also appear among the top five most energy secure countries in Azzuni and Breyer's (2020) study. The absence of an exact match between the two is perhaps due to the fact that several other factors such as environment, cost, technological efficiency, literacy, culture amongst others were considered in the computation of the energy security indices by Azzuni and Breyer (2020).…”

Section: Status Of Energy Diversification In Africa's Largest Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of energy diversification and transition trends in Africa

Akrofi

2020

Int J Energ Water Res

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Unlike energy security, energy diversification, which is an essential precursor for energy security and sustainability transitions, has not received much scholarly attention, especially in Africa. Applying the Energy Mix Concentration Index method (a modified version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index), this study examined energy diversification and transition trends in Africa's top ten economies over an 18-year period, from 2000 to 2017. Data were obtained in July 2020 from the African Union Energy Commission's data portal. Overall, energy diversification was found to be occurring at a very slow pace. Kenya and Morocco emerged as the two most energy diversified countries (with indices of 0.34 and 0.37, respectively), while Algeria (0.98) and Ethiopia (0.87) were the least diversified countries as at 2017. The energy transition trend is consistent with the multiple fuel use/energy stacking model rather than the energy ladder hypothesis. "Balance" (the share of each energy source in the energy mix) was found to significantly influence energy diversification. Contrary to past assertions, this study finds that higher "variety" (the number of energy sources in the energy mix) does not signify greater diversity. A weak negative linear relationship was found between gross domestic product growth and Energy Mix Concentration Indices for most countries, suggesting that as gross domestic product grows, the energy mix becomes more diversified. However, this relationship was statistically insignificant. Policy makers need to increase investments in renewable energies, and diversify their economies (especially in oil-dependent countries) to facilitate energy diversification and sustainable energy transitions.

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Section: Status Of Energy Diversification In Africa's Largest Economiesmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Status Of Energy Diversification In Africa's Largest Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of energy diversification and transition trends in Africa

Akrofi

2020

Int J Energ Water Res

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“…However, this analysis does not disclose its methods of how energy security is measured. To the knowledge of the authors, the only publication that measures energy security in Jordan quantitatively was carried out by Azzuni and Breyer [65]. They found that the energy security level was at 40.5% for Jordan, ranking 118 out of 183 countries in the world.…”

Section: Energy Security Analysis Of the Current Situationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the current energy system, most of the required data is available to perform a quantitative analysis for energy security according to Azzuni and Breyer [65]. However, for the future energy system, many of these data do not exist yet, and it is hardly possible to project major parts of that data well, so a qualitative analysis is the best compromise.…”

Section: Limitations and Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Security Analysis for a 100% Renewable Energy Transition in Jordan by 2050

et al. 2020

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Energy security analysis is a strong tool for policy makers. It allows them to formulate policies that would enhance energy systems by targeting necessary actions. In this study, the impacts of transitioning from a fossil fuels to a renewables dominated energy system on energy security is analysed for Jordan. A Best Policy Scenario was developed for the Jordanian energy system to trace the transition to a 100% renewable energy system. Energy security was analysed for the future system by a qualitative approach utilising colour codes. The results reveal that the primary energy demand increases from 64 TWh in 2015 to 130 TWh in 2050, dominated by electricity and followed by heat and bioenergy. This indicates that a high level of direct and indirect electrification is the key to transition towards a fully sustainable energy system. Renewable electricity generation is projected to increase from 0.1 TWh in 2015 to 110.7 TWh in 2050, with a solar photovoltaic share of 92%. The levelised cost of energy develops from 78 €/MWh in 2015 to 61 €/MWh in 2050. In 2050, this system will have zero greenhouse gas emissions, it will provide plenty of job opportunities and revenue generation. This proposed transition will enhance the energy security level of the Jordanian energy system in five of the six dimensions studied. The five dimensions that will be improved are availability, cost, environment, health, and employment, whereas the dimension on diversity will stay neutral. It can be concluded that Jordan can achieve a 100% renewable energy system by 2050 and such a transition will enhance the energy security level.

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“…In recent years, energy security has become a key factor in the economic growth of many countries [1,2]. Energy companies and organizations specializing in energy production are continuously looking for new solutions which will permit the development of ecologically sustainable, effective, and safe methods of obtaining energy [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of the Biomass Torrefaction Process on Selected Parameters of Dust Explosivity

et al. 2020

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This article presents the findings of a study investigating the explosion and combustion parameters of dust from the raw biomass of wheat straw and energy willow and from the products of biomass torrefaction generated at temperatures ranging from 220 to 300 °C. Agricultural waste and energy crops and their modifications, e.g., in the torrefaction process, did not find a place in explosive risk research, which the authors decided to present in their work. The study was designed to estimate explosion hazard during the processing of the materials into fuels and during the storage process. The measurements recorded a maximum explosion pressure Pmax in the case of dust from biomass ranging from 7.2 to 7.3 bar and for dust from torrefied materials amounting to 7.5–9.2 bar, and a maximum rate of pressure rise over time (dp/dt)max in raw biomass ranging from 201.4 to 261.3 bar/s and in torrefied materials amounting to 209.6–296.6 bar/s. The estimated explosion index Kstmax for raw biomass was 55–72 m*bar/s and for torrefied materials was in the range from 57 to 81 m*bar/s. In the results, the authors present values for specific types of fuel which differ significantly depending on the type of biomass. The research findings show that the torrefaction process used in fuel production is not associated with a significantly greater risk of explosion and the materials obtained may safely be used as an alternative to conventional solid fuels. Given the growing interest in the use of biomass and in the variety of biomass processing methods for energy-related purposes, it seems there is a need for research to develop appropriate guidelines and for effective practices to be introduced in the energy industry in order to ensure the safety of the processes used in the production of novel fuels especially in small installations converting these materials into more efficient energy material.

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Global Energy Security Index and Its Application on National Level

Cited by 56 publications

References 52 publications

An analysis of energy diversification and transition trends in Africa

An analysis of energy diversification and transition trends in Africa

Energy Security Analysis for a 100% Renewable Energy Transition in Jordan by 2050

Analysis of the Effect of the Biomass Torrefaction Process on Selected Parameters of Dust Explosivity

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