Global energy flows embodied in international trade: A combination of environmentally extended input–output analysis and complex network analysis

Chen, B.; Li, J.S.; Wu, Xiaofang; Han, Mengyao; Zeng, Li; Li, Z.; Chen, G.Q.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.10.113

Cited by 258 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Among these databases, the EORA MRIO table covers the most regions and the longest time spans (Lenzen, Kanemoto, et al, , Lenzen, Moran, Kanemoto, et al, ). A large number of studies have been conducted on embodied resources and emissions in international trade based on the global MRIO table from the EORA database (e.g., B. Chen, Han, et al, ; B. Chen, Li, et al, ; Li et al, ; Malik et al, ; Oita et al, ; Xia et al, ; X. F. Wu & Chen, ). In this study, the EORA database is also adopted to build the global MRIO tables for 2000–2012, which cover 189 countries/regions.…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While a multiregional input‐output (MRIO) model that interconnects multiple regions reflects the interregional and intraregional economic connection (B. Zhang, Li, et al, , ), the global MRIO modeling can provide a robust assessment on the demand‐driven resource use and environmental emissions in the production and trade network of the world economy. Extensive studies have been conducted on the global MRIO analyses of resource and emission requirements associated with production, consumption, and international trade, such as water (Ali, ; Z. M. Chen & Chen, ; Feng et al, ; Han et al, ; Lenzen, Moran, Bhaduri, et al, ), energy (G. Q. Chen & Wu, ; B. Chen, Li, et al, ), materials (X. Tian et al, ; Wiedmann et al, ), land (G. Q. Chen & Han, ; B. Chen, Han, et al, ; X. D. Wu et al, ), biodiversity (Lenzen, Moran, et al, ), CO 2 (Andreoni & Galmarini, ; Davis & Caldeira, ; Fan et al, ; Jiang & Green, ; Liddle, ; Malik et al, ; Pablo‐Romero & Sánchez‐Braza, ; J. Tian et al, ), air pollutants (Kanemoto et al, ; Lin et al, , ; Meng et al, ; Q. Zhang et al, ), and so forth. At present, MRIO account and analysis has become a popular approach to measure and assess consumption‐based global GHG emissions (e.g., Arto & Dietzenbacher, ; Caro et al, ; Peters, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH₄ Emissions

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Earth's Future

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Global anthropogenic CH4 emissions have witnessed a rapid increase in the last decade. However, how this increase is connected with its socioeconomic drivers has not yet been explored. In this paper, we highlight the impacts of final demand and international trade on global anthropogenic CH4 emissions based on the consumption‐based accounting principle. We find that household consumption was the largest final demand category, followed by fixed capital formation and government consumption. The position and function of nations and major economies to act on the structure and spatial patterns of global CH4 emissions were systematically clarified. Substantial geographic shifts of CH4 emissions during 2000–2012 revealed the prominent impact of international trade. In 2012, about half of global CH4 emissions were embodied in international trade, of which 77.8% were from intermediate trade and 22.2% from final trade. Mainland China was the largest exporter of embodied CH4 emissions, while the United States was the largest importer. Developed economies such as Western Europe, the United States, and Japan were major net receivers of embodied emission transfer, mainly from developing countries. CH4 emission footprints of nations were closely related to their human development indexes and per capita gross domestic products. Our findings could help to improve current understanding of global anthropogenic CH4 emission increases and to pinpoint regional and sectoral hotspots for possible emission mitigation in the entire supply chains from production to consumption.

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Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH₄ Emissions

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Earth's Future

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“…However, the AGHG network is vulnerable to coordinated adjustments on key nodes; that is, adjustments in trade patterns and emission intensities of hub economies will reshape the network structure and generate profound impacts on global AGHG emissions. Similarly detected in the trade network of natural gas, oil, rare earths, and embodied energy (Chen et al, 2018b;Gao et al, 2015;Geng et al, 2014;Hou et al, 2018), this scale-free topology occurs as the results of preferential treatments and globalization trends. Comparative advantages such as natural resources, geographical location, and climate suitability promote positive feedbacks on the production of agricultural products, leading to preferential attachment that typically appears in the high-degree nodes (Serrano & Boguñá, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This suggests the ubiquity of negligible edges and loosely connected nodes that are not neighboring many other nodes. To better understand the network characteristics of AGHG emission flows in interregional supply chains, we follow Nuss et al (2016) and Chen et al (2018b) to employ a filtering algorithm that removes the edges with weights less than a certain threshold (0.01 Mt CO 2 ‐eq in our case). This procedure preserves all nodes but reduces edge numbers to 3,786 and 4,794, accounting for 97.0% and 97.4% of embodied AGHG flows in final trade and intermediate trade, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blöchl et al (2011) first interpreted the input‐output table as a weighted directed network and applied a complex network model to analyze its centrality. Inspired by this, researchers began to combine input‐output models with the complex network models to study the trade networks of embodied carbon dioxides (Liang et al, 2015), energy (Chen et al, 2018b; Gao et al, 2018), rare earth (Wang et al, 2017), and minerals (Jiang et al, 2018). Our methods are in line with those studies except that we the conduct analysis on both intermediate and final trade networks.…”

Section: Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Linking Agricultural GHG Emissions to Global Trade Network

Zhao

Guan

et al. 2020

Earth's Future

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As part of the climate policy to meet the 2 °C target, actions in all economic sectors, including agriculture, are required to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions. While there has been an ever‐increasing focus on agricultural greenhouse gas (AGHG) emissions, limited attention has been paid to their economic drivers in the globalized world economy and related mitigation potentials. This paper makes a first attempt to trace AGHG emissions via global trade networks using a multiregional input‐output model and a complex network model. Over one third of global AGHG emissions in 2012 can be linked with products traded internationally, of which intermediate trade and final trade contribute 64.2% and 35.8%, respectively. Japan, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Hong Kong are the world's five largest net importers of embodied emissions, while Ethiopia, Australia, Pakistan, India, and Argentina are the five largest net exporters. Some hunger‐afflicted developing countries in Asia and Africa are important embodied emission exporters, due to their large‐scale exports of agricultural products. Trade‐related virtual AGHG emission transfers shape a highly heterogenous network, due to the coexistence of numerous peripheral economies and a few highly connected hub economies. The network clustering structure is revealed by the regional integration of several trading communities, while hub economies are collectors and distributors in the global trade network, with important implications for emission mitigation. Achieving AGHG emission reduction calls for a combination of supply‐ and demand‐side policies covering the global trade network.

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Strategic energy flows in input‐output relations: A temporal multilayer approach

Clemente

Cornaro

Grassi

et al. 2023

Appl Stoch Models Bus & Ind

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The energy consumption, the transfer of resources through the international trade, the transition towards renewable energies and the environmental sustainability appear as key drivers in order to evaluate the resilience of the energy systems. Concerning the consumptions, in the literature a great attention has been paid to direct energy, but the production of goods and services also involves indirect energy. Hence, in this work we consider different types of embodied energy sources and the time evolution of the sectors' and countries' interactions. Flows are indeed used to construct a directed and weighted temporal multilayer network based respectively on renewable and non‐renewable sources, where sectors are nodes and layers are countries. We provide a methodological approach for analysing the network reliability and resilience and for identifying critical sectors and economies in the system by applying the Multi‐Dimensional HITS algorithm. Then, we evaluate central arcs in the network at each time period by proposing a novel topological indicator based on the maximum flow problem. In this way, we provide a full view of economies, sectors and connections that play a relevant role over time in the network and whose removal could heavily affect the stability of the system. We provide a numerical analysis based on the embodied energy flows among countries and sectors in the period from 1990 to 2016. Results prove that the methods are effective in catching the different patterns between renewable and non‐renewable energy sources.

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Global energy flows embodied in international trade: A combination of environmentally extended input–output analysis and complex network analysis

Cited by 258 publications

References 72 publications

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH₄ Emissions

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH₄ Emissions

Linking Agricultural GHG Emissions to Global Trade Network

Strategic energy flows in input‐output relations: A temporal multilayer approach

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Global energy flows embodied in international trade: A combination of environmentally extended input–output analysis and complex network analysis

Cited by 258 publications

References 72 publications

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH4 Emissions

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH4 Emissions

Linking Agricultural GHG Emissions to Global Trade Network

Strategic energy flows in input‐output relations: A temporal multilayer approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH₄ Emissions

Consumption‐Based Accounting of Global Anthropogenic CH₄ Emissions