Global Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis: A “Mass Uprising of Compassion”

Addiss, David G.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002264

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nearly 1.4 billion people from 73 countries worldwide are threatened by lymphatic filariasis. More than 120 million people are presently infected, with about 40 million incapacitated by the disease (Addiss 2013). Approximately, 80 % of these infected people are from the following countries: Bangladesh, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Nepal, Philippines, and the United Republic of Tanzania (WHO 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Jasminum nervosum leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against filarial and arboviral vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Lallawmawma

Sathishkumar

Sarathbabu

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Silver and gold nanoparticles of Jasminum nervosum L. had unique optical properties such as broad absorbance band in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Characterization of the nanoparticles using UV spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the particles were silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) ranging between 4-22 and 2-20 nm with an average particles size of 9.4 and 10 nm, respectively. AgNPs and AuNPs of J. nervosum had high larvicidal activity on the filarial and arboviral vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, than the leaf aqueous extract. Observed lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC95) against the third instar larvae were 57.40 and 144.36 μg/ml for AgNPs and 82.62 and 254.68 μg/ml for AuNPs after 24 h treatment, respectively. The lethal time to kill 50% of C. quinquefasciatus larvae were 2.24 and 4.51 h at 150 μg/ml of AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively, while in the case of aqueous leaf extract of J. nervosum it was 9.44 h at 500 μg/ml (F 2,14 = 397.51, P < 0.0001). The principal component analysis plot presented differential clustering of the aqueous leaf extract, AgNP and AuNPs in relation to lethal dose and lethal time. It is concluded from the present findings that the biosynthesised AgNPs and AuNPs using leaf aqueous extract of J. nervosum could be an environmentally safer nanobiopesticide, and provided potential larvicidal effect on C. quinquefasciatus larvae which could be used for prevention of several dreadful diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Jasminum nervosum leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against filarial and arboviral vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Lallawmawma

Sathishkumar

Sarathbabu

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Gambhir and Michael have shown a joint stability analysis of the deterministic filariasis transmission model [ 15 ]. All such models have proved to be of great value in guiding and assessing control efforts [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Parasitic Filariasis Spread by Mosquito in Periodic Environment

Cheng

Wang

Pan

et al. 2017

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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In this paper a mosquito-borne parasitic infection model in periodic environment is considered. Threshold parameter R0 is given by linear next infection operator, which determined the dynamic behaviors of system. We obtain that when R0 < 1, the disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable and when R0 > 1 by Poincaré map we obtain that disease is uniformly persistent. Numerical simulations support the results and sensitivity analysis shows effects of parameters on R0, which provided references to seek optimal measures to control the transmission of lymphatic filariasis.

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“…While these numbers are ominous, large scale control and eradication programs have been largely successful for dracunculiasis (caused by Dracunculus medenisis [ 5 ]), and they are very promising for lymphatic filariasis ( Brugia spp. and Wuchereria bancrofti ) [ 6 – 8 ] and onchocerciasis ( Onchocerca volvulus ) [ 9 ]. However, elimination using existing approaches may be challenging for important helminthic infections such as soil-transmitted helminthiases due to the high risk of reinfection [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-phylum Comparison of Nematode Metabolic Potential

et al. 2015

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Nematodes are among the most important causative pathogens of neglected tropical diseases. The increased availability of genomic and transcriptomic data for many understudied nematode species provides a great opportunity to investigate different aspects of their biology. Increasingly, metabolic potential of pathogens is recognized as a critical determinant governing their development, growth and pathogenicity. Comparing metabolic potential among species with distinct trophic ecologies can provide insights on overall biology or molecular adaptations. Furthermore, ascertaining gene expression at pathway level can help in understanding metabolic dynamics over development. Comparison of biochemical pathways (or subpathways, i.e. pathway modules) among related species can also retrospectively indicate potential mistakes in gene-calling and functional annotation. We show with numerous illustrative case studies that comparisons at the level of pathway modules have the potential to uncover biological insights while remaining computationally tractable. Here, we reconstruct and compare metabolic modules found in the deduced proteomes of 13 nematodes and 10 non-nematode species (including hosts of the parasitic nematode species). We observed that the metabolic potential is, in general, concomitant with phylogenetic and/or ecological similarity. Varied metabolic strategies are required among the nematodes, with only 8 out of 51 pathway modules being completely conserved. Enzyme comparison based on topology of metabolic modules uncovered diversification between parasite and host that can potentially guide therapeutic intervention. Gene expression data from 4 nematode species were used to study metabolic dynamics over their life cycles. We report unexpected differential metabolism between immature and mature microfilariae of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. A set of genes potentially important for parasitism is also reported, based on an analysis of gene expression in C. elegans and the human hookworm Necator americanus. We illustrate how analyzing and comparing metabolism at the level of pathway modules can improve existing knowledge of nematode metabolic potential and can provide parasitism related insights. Our reconstruction and comparison of nematode metabolic pathways at a pan-phylum and inter-phylum level enabled determination of phylogenetic restrictions and differential expression of pathways. A visualization of our results is available at http://nematode.net and the program for identification of module completeness (modDFS) is freely available at SourceForge. The methods reported will help biologists to predict biochemical potential of any organism with available deduced proteome, to direct experiments and test hypotheses.

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Global Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis: A “Mass Uprising of Compassion”

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Jasminum nervosum leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against filarial and arboviral vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Jasminum nervosum leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against filarial and arboviral vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

Modeling the Parasitic Filariasis Spread by Mosquito in Periodic Environment

Pan-phylum Comparison of Nematode Metabolic Potential

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