Global Economic Burden of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Chong, Huey Yi; Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn; D.B.C., Wu; K.K.C., Lee; Chiou, Chiun–Fang

doi:10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.293

Cited by 150 publications

(182 citation statements)

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“…In the US adult population, the 12-month prevalence of schizophrenia is 1.1% [1]. The educational and occupational performance of patients with schizophrenia is affected, resulting in one of the highest global disease burdens [2]. In 2002, the US societal economic burden of schizophrenia was reported to be US$62.7 billion [3], becoming US$155.7 billion in 2013 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs in Medicaid Beneficiaries with Schizophrenia Transitioning from Once-Monthly to Once-Every-3-Months Paliperidone Palmitate

Émond

Joshi

Khoury

et al. 2018

PharmacoEconomics Open

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Objectives The aim was to compare adherence to antipsychotics (APs), healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and costs before and after once-every-3-months paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) initiation in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Medicaid data (Iowa, Kansas, and Missouri; 1/2014-3/2017) were used to identify adults with at least one PP3M claim, ≥ 12 months of pre-index enrollment, and at least two schizophrenia diagnoses. Adequate treatment with once-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP1M) was required pre-PP3M transition. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess linear trends in adherence to APs, HRU, and costs over the four quarters pre-PP3M transition, and to compare monthly HRU and costs 6 months pre-and 12 months post-PP3M transition as well as adherence to APs 12 months pre-and post-PP3M transition. Results Among 324 patients initiated on PP3M, the mean age was 41.4 years and 36.1% were females. Over the four quarters pre-PP3M transition, the monthly number of emergency room visits, medical costs, and inpatient costs decreased, while pharmacy costs and adherence to APs increased. For patients with ≥ 12 months of follow-up (n = 151), adherence to APs (66.2 vs. 70.2%, p = 0.3758), total (US$3371 vs. US$3456; p = 0.7000), pharmacy (US$1805 vs. US$1870; p = 0.2960), and medical costs (US$1565 vs. US$1586; p = 0.9040) remained similar pre-and post-PP3M transition, while mean monthly number of 1-day mental institute visits (1.71 vs. 1.51; p < 0.01) and associated costs (US$260 vs. US$232, p = 0.01) decreased. Conclusions Adherence to APs, HRU, and costs were similar pre-and post-PP3M transition, suggesting that PP3M has no impact on monthly costs for patients adequately treated with PP1M, with the added flexibility of once-every-3-months dosing. Key Points for Decision MakersOver the four quarters before once-every-3-months paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) transition, adherence to antipsychotics significantly improved and the increase in pharmacy costs was offset by decreasing medical costs, driven by a decrease in inpatient costs.Adherence to antipsychotics, monthly healthcare resource utilization, and monthly Medicaid spending remained similar before and after PP3M transition. These findings suggest that for patients adequately treated with once-monthly paliperidone palmitate, the transition to PP3M has no impact on monthly healthcare costs, with the added flexibility of once-every-3-months dosing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs in Medicaid Beneficiaries with Schizophrenia Transitioning from Once-Monthly to Once-Every-3-Months Paliperidone Palmitate

Émond

Joshi

Khoury

et al. 2018

PharmacoEconomics Open

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“…Second, many disabled people cannot go to work, so they may not earn money and may not be able to cover the costs of rehabilitation setting. So if policy makers find some arrangements help them to work, some parts of their financial concerns may be decreased (4). In this study we found the types of disabilities which had more effect on labor force participation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Disabled people are such people who cannot work easily and need help (3). Ability of disabled population for working depends on the severity of disability and classification of it (4). In addition it depends on the type of work too.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Relationship Between Type of Disability and Labor Force Participation: A Community Based Study in Iran

Rad

Afkar²,

Farmanbar³

et al. 2017

GMJ

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ÖZETBu çalışmada, engelliliğin hangi tipinin işgücüne katılım üzerinde daha fazla etkili olduğunu bulmaya çalıştık. Bu çalışmada İran'ın on ilindeki özürlü bireylerden oluşan 1500 kişilik bir toplum verisi kullanılmıştır. Engellilik türünün işgücüne katılım üzerindeki etkilerini göstermek için lojistik model kullanılmıştır. Modelde cinsiyet, yaş, evlilik durumu, eğitim, normal yaşama gücü ve iletişim yeteneği ayarlandı. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları zihinsel engelli ve kalıtıma bağlı olarak engelli olan kişilerin diğerlerine kıyasla daha az çalıştıklarını ortaya koydu. Özürlülerin maddi kaygıları nedeniyle, politikacılar özürlülere yardım etmek için çözümler bulmalıdır. ABSTRACTIn this study we tried to find what type of disability has more effect on labor force participation. A 1500 community based data of disabled people in ten provinces of Iran was used in this study. Logistic model was used to show the effects of disability type on labor force participation. Sex, age, marriage status, education, usual living ability and communication ability were adjusted in the model. The results of this study showed that people with mental disability and hereditary disability went less to work in comparison with others. Because of the financial concerns of disabled people, policy makers must find solutions to help disabled people to go more to work. MATERIALS and METHODS DataIn this cross sectional study, data of community rehabilitation records of tenIran provinces (Zanjan, Khorasane-Shomali, Guilan, Fars, Markazi, Chaharmahalvabakhtiari, Kahkiloyevaboirahmad, Ghazvin, Esfahan and Khorasanejonubi) were used. Because of using previously used data, no sample size selection was conducted in this study. In this study, disability categorized to 8 types: genetic diseases, hereditary diseases, congenital diseases, noncommunicable and communicable diseases, disasters, mental illness and other diseases. In addition, amount of usual living ability and communication ability was calculated in this study. These two variables were calculated using TizunZhao questionnaire and principal component analysis (PCA) method was used for calculating scores of them. This questionnaire contained nine scales contain daily living abilities, social communication, working abilities, quality of life, source of income, employment status, participation in social livings and education status(10). Higher scores meant that each disabled person has less difficulty in his/her usual living and communication ability. We used these two variables as adjusted ones to show that what type of disability with similar usual and communicational ability has more effect on labor force participation. Model and analysisAn econometrics model was used for estimation the effects of disability dimensions on labor force participation. In this study, participation of people contains both working in paid, unpaid and family works. Logit estimator was used for estimating the model. Dependent variable of this model was individual level of labor force participation (0= not working, 1= wo...

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“…Yaklaşık 15 yıllık çalışmadan geçen sürenin ülke ekonomisini de dolaylı olarak olumsuz etkilediği söylenebilir. Ulaşılan bu bulgu çalışmanın en çarpıcı sonucu olmakla birlikte, şizofreninin ekonomik yükünün ülke ve toplum için yüksek olduğunu gösteren çalışmaları destekler niteliktedir [17][18][19] . Hastalık sonrasında hiç çalışmayan hastaların %41 (n=41) oranında olduğu, %34'ünün hastalık sonrasında bir kez çalıştığı ve %13'ünün iki iş deneyiminin olduğu saptandı.…”

Section: Ortalama ± Ssunclassified

Şizofreni ve Şizoaffektif Bozukluk Tanısı Almış Hastalarda Çalışma Yaşamının İncelenmesi: Bir Pilot Çalışma

Kaytaz¹,

Abut

Yıldız

2017

Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi

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Amaç: Bir grup şizofreni ve şizoaffektif bozukluk hastasında iş yaşamının derinlemesine incelenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışma, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri servis ve polikliniğinde takip edilen 90 şizofreni, 10 şizoaffektif bozukluk tanılı hasta ile yürütüldü. Hastalarla gerçekleştirilen 20 dakikalık görüşmelerde araştırmacıların geliştirdiği iş yaşamı formu kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle çözümlendi. Bulgular: %78'i erkek, %18'i evli ve %86'sı ailesiyle yaşayan hastaların yaş ortalaması 40 ve eğitim düzeyi 9 yıl idi. Hastalığın başlangıç yaşı ortalama 23.5, toplam hastane yatış sayısı 3 ve yatış süresi ortalama 87 gün idi. Hastaların, hastalanmadan önce ve sonra ortalama bir iş deneyiminin olduğu, sadece %10'unun aktif olarak çalıştığı ve %14'ünün yaşam boyu hiç çalışmadığı saptandı. Hastalardan 18 yaşından sonra beklenen çalışma süresi 22 yıl iken, hastalık öncesi toplam çalışma süreleri 3.5 yıl ve hastalık sonrası toplam çalışma süreleri ortalama 2.4 yıl idi. Çalışan hastaların genellikle (%71) geçici işlerde çalıştığı ve iş yerinde sorunlar yaşadığı (%70) belirlendi. Sonuç: Hastaların çoğunluğunun çalışmaması ve hastalık öncesinde beklenen 5 yıllık çalışma süresince 3.5 yıl çalıştıkları halde hastalık sonrasında 17 yıllık beklenen çalışma süresince yalnızca 2.4 yıl çalışmaları hastalığın yıkıcı etkisini ve işe yerleştirim ve mesleki iyileştirimin gerekliliğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın daha büyük örneklemle çok merkezli yürütülmeye devam edilmesi planlanmaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: Şizofreni, şizoaffektif bozukluk, iş yaşamı, istihdam.Objective: It was aimed to conduct an in-depth study about the working life of a group of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Method: This study was conducted with 90 patients with schizophrenia and 10 with schizoaffective disorder from Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry Service and Polyclinic. 20-minute interviews were carried out with the patients using a working life form that was developed by the researchers. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 78% of the patients were males, 18% were married and 86% were living with family. Mean age was 40 and level of education was 9 years. Mean age of onset was 23.5 years, average number of hospitalization was 3 and hospitalization duration was 87 days. Patients had one work experience on average both before and after the illness. Only 10% were currently working and 14% were never employed. Expected duration of work was 22 years; however, total working time before the disease was 3.5 years and the working time after the disease was found as 2.4 years. It was also found that 71% of the employed patients worked in temporary jobs and 70% had problems at workplace. Conclusions: Most of the patients were unemployed and although they had worked for 3.5 years in the expected working time of 5 years before the disease, they were employed for only 2.4 years over the expected working time of 17 years after the disease. These resu...

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Global Economic Burden of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

Adherence, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs in Medicaid Beneficiaries with Schizophrenia Transitioning from Once-Monthly to Once-Every-3-Months Paliperidone Palmitate

Adherence, Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Costs in Medicaid Beneficiaries with Schizophrenia Transitioning from Once-Monthly to Once-Every-3-Months Paliperidone Palmitate

Estimating Relationship Between Type of Disability and Labor Force Participation: A Community Based Study in Iran

Şizofreni ve Şizoaffektif Bozukluk Tanısı Almış Hastalarda Çalışma Yaşamının İncelenmesi: Bir Pilot Çalışma

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