Global diversity dynamics in the fossil record are regionally heterogeneous

Flannery-Sutherland, Joseph; Silvestro, Daniele; Benton, Michael J.

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30507-0

Cited by 21 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Origination rate may be also affected by diversity-dependent species population abundances if species with smaller populations have lower probability to speciate (20,21). In addition, if origination rates are linked to niche differentiation (24), then they may decrease with increasing diversity because of niche filling. These two possibilitiesdiversity dependence mediated by changing species abundances and by changing niche availability-are not exclusive, as niche availability and niche filling almost certainly affect abundances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Process-based approaches also have potential to control for various statistical artifacts that might, even if slightly, distort the presented information flow analyses [such as the regression to the mean sensu ( 22 ); see Materials and Methods for detailed discussion). To explore biodiversity dynamics in paleontological series in a mechanistic and parametric manner, we need further development of quantitative theories of biodiversity dynamics applicable to large spatial and temporal scales ( 20 , 23 ), coupled with analytical tools able to deal with noise, various biases, and artifacts that are inherently present in paleontological time series ( 3 , 10 , 24 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity dependence is a ubiquitous phenomenon across Phanerozoic oceans

2022

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Biodiversity on Earth is shaped by abiotic perturbations and rapid diversifications. At the same time, there are arguments that biodiversity is bounded and regulated via biotic interactions. Evaluating the role and relative strength of diversity regulation is crucial for interpreting the ongoing biodiversity changes. We have analyzed Phanerozoic fossil record using public databases and new approaches for identifying the causal dependence of origination and extinction rates on environmental variables and standing diversity. While the effect of environmental factors on origination and extinction rates is variable and taxon specific, the diversity dependence of the rates is almost universal across the studied taxa. Origination rates are dependent on instantaneous diversity levels, while extinction rates reveal delayed diversity dependence. Although precise mechanisms of diversity dependence may be complex and difficult to recover, global regulation of diversity via negative diversity dependence of lineage diversification seems to be a common feature of the biosphere, with profound consequences for understanding current biodiversity crisis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity dependence is a ubiquitous phenomenon across Phanerozoic oceans

2022

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“…1 , S2 , S3 b), which is why associated peaks or apparently constant rates should be interpreted with caution. Future investigations should attempt to incorporate spatial biases in the analyses 68 – 70 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term paleogeographic reorganizations and climate events shaped diversification of North American freshwater gastropods over deep time

Neubauer

Harzhauser

Hartman

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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What controls species diversity and diversification is one of the major questions in evolutionary biology and paleontology. Previous studies have addressed this issue based on various plant and animal groups, geographic regions, and time intervals. However, as most previous research focused on terrestrial or marine ecosystems, our understanding of the controls on diversification of biota (and particularly invertebrates) in freshwater environments in deep time is still limited. Here, we infer diversification rates of North American freshwater gastropods from the Late Triassic to the Pleistocene and explore potential links between shifts in speciation and extinction and major changes in paleogeography, climate, and biotic interactions. We found that variation in the speciation rate is best explained by changes in continental fragmentation, with rate shifts coinciding with major paleogeographic reorganizations in the Mesozoic, in particular the retreat of the Sundance Sea and subsequent development of the Bighorn wetland and the advance of the Western Interior Seaway. Climatic events in the Cenozoic (Middle Eocene Climate Optimum, Miocene Climate Optimum) variably coincide with shifts in speciation and extinction as well, but no significant long-term association could be detected. Similarly, no influence of diversity dependence was found across the entire time frame of ~ 214 Myr. Our results indicate that short-term climatic events and paleogeographic changes are relevant to the diversification of continental freshwater biota, while long-term trends have limited effect.

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“…Quantifying the effect of each extinction event on insect genera, we found that the LPME had the strongest impact with the demise of 82.6% of genera, followed by the L/C impact with 74.8%, while the effect of the R/W extinction was less pronounced with the extinction of 64.5% of insect genera (Supplementary Table 1). Importantly, it is the first time, to our knowledge, that extinction peaks are recorded at the R/W and L/C boundaries for insects, while a huge loss of diversity is known for vertebrate clades at this time 41,42 . Conversely, the GEE and CPE are not recorded, and the R/ W or L/C extinctions cannot be mistaken for these events because they occurred long before them.…”

Section: Unexpected and Heterogenous Extinctions During The Permian A...mentioning

confidence: 88%

Multiple drivers and lineage-specific insect extinctions during the Permo–Triassic

et al. 2022

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The Permo–Triassic interval encompasses three extinction events including the most dramatic biological crisis of the Phanerozoic, the latest Permian mass extinction. However, their drivers and outcomes are poorly quantified and understood for terrestrial invertebrates, which we assess here for insects. We find a pattern with three extinctions: the Roadian/Wordian (≈266.9 Ma; extinction of 64.5% insect genera), the Permian/Triassic (≈252 Ma; extinction of 82.6% insect genera), and the Ladinian/Carnian boundaries (≈237 Ma; extinction of 74.8% insect genera). We also unveil a heterogeneous effect of these extinction events across the major insect clades. Because extinction events have impacted Permo–Triassic ecosystems, we investigate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on insect diversification dynamics and find that changes in floral assemblages are likely the strongest drivers of insects’ responses throughout the Permo–Triassic. We also assess the effect of diversity dependence between three insect guilds; an effect ubiquitously found in current ecosystems. We find that herbivores held a central position in the Permo–Triassic interaction network. Our study reveals high levels of insect extinction that profoundly shaped the evolutionary history of the most diverse non-microbial lineage.

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Global diversity dynamics in the fossil record are regionally heterogeneous

Cited by 21 publications

References 80 publications

Diversity dependence is a ubiquitous phenomenon across Phanerozoic oceans

Diversity dependence is a ubiquitous phenomenon across Phanerozoic oceans

Short-term paleogeographic reorganizations and climate events shaped diversification of North American freshwater gastropods over deep time

Multiple drivers and lineage-specific insect extinctions during the Permo–Triassic

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