Global diversity and distribution of Lamippidae copepods symbiotic on Octocorallia

Korzhavina, Oksana A.; Reimer, James Davis; Ehrlich, Hermann; Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N.

doi:10.1007/s13199-021-00750-y

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In the case of Enterognathidae, these include a swollen, vermiform body with reduced segmentation and sclerotization, obscured demarcation between the prosome and urosome, and the diminution or complete absence of antennae and maxillipeds. These modifications of Enterognathidae are markedly more pronounced compared to those of other crinoid-dwelling copepods, but are nonetheless an extreme form of those observed in members of the family Lamippidae (Cyclopoida), obligate symbionts of octocorals [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study is a component of a broader project aimed at elucidating patterns and assessing the depth of understanding pertaining to copepod symbionts found in association with various invertebrates, with a particular focus on echinoderms, sponges, and corals [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Through an exhaustive analysis and synthesis, we aspire to offer a holistic view of these relationships, focusing on their ecological, evolutionary, and taxonomic dimensions, thereby enhancing our comprehensive understanding of marine symbiotic systems and the pivotal roles that copepods play in them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis

Korzhavina,

Gubareva,

Kitashov

et al. 2024

Animals

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Crinoids (Echinodermata) exhibit unique morphological and behavioral characteristics that facilitate a wide range of symbiotic relationships with diverse organisms. Our comprehension of their interactions with microscopic copepod crustaceans is, however, still in a nascent and fragmented state. Here, we review and discuss the 166 literature records to date in which a total of 39 copepod species in 6 families have been reported in association with 33 species of the crinoid order Comatulida. Many of these associations have been reported just once. The respective localities cover 5 of the World Ocean’s 12 ecoregions, with a notable concentration of both host and symbiont diversity in the Central and Western Indo-Pacific. In contrast, the documentation of copepod–crinoid associations in the Atlantic appears markedly limited. Copepods have been found predominantly in ectosymbiotic relationships with crinoids, with a lower incidence of endosymbiosis. Copepods of the genera Collocheres Canu, 1893 and Pseudanthessius Claus, 1889 are particularly prominent in the list, and the comatulid family Comatulidae displays the most diverse assortment of copepod associations. The current scope of knowledge encompasses a mere 5% of the potential crinoid host diversity, underscoring the need for more extensive research in this area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis

Korzhavina,

Gubareva,

Kitashov

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…Of particular note, Gorgonia ventalina (Linnaeus, 1758), an endemic Caribbean sea fan [11], exhibits susceptibility to nine of these diseases, distinguishing it as the most disease-prone species among octocorals. The multifocal purple spots syndrome (MFPS) that afflicts G. ventalina is particularly enigmatic, as it is incited by gall-forming copepods of the genus Sphaerippe Grygier, 1980 within the family, Lamippidae [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, the scientific community has documented 54 lamippid species, with 115 recorded observations worldwide. However, in the Caribbean region, there have been only 14 findings across eight species [13][14][15]. It is imperative to acknowledge, however, that a significant portion of lamippid species remains concealed, a consequence of the inherent challenges associated with their detection [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing Geographic and Molecular Footprints of Copepod Crustaceans Causing Multifocal Purple Spots Syndrome in the Caribbean Sea Fan Gorgonia ventalina

Korzhavina,

Nikitin,

Hoeksema

et al. 2024

Diversity

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The recent rise in ocean temperatures, accompanied by other environmental changes, has notably increased the occurrence and spread of diseases in Octocorallia, many species of which are integral to shallow tropical and subtropical coral reef ecosystems. This study focuses on the understanding of these diseases, which has been largely limited to symptomatic descriptions, with clear etiological factors identified in only a fraction of cases. A key example is the multifocal purple spots syndrome (MFPS) affecting the common Caribbean octocoral sea fan Gorgonia ventalina, linked to the gall-forming copepods of the genus Sphaerippe, a member of the widespread family, Lamippidae. The specialized nature of these copepods as endoparasites in octocorals suggests the potential for the discovery of similar diseases across this host spectrum. Our investigation employed four molecular markers to study disease hotspots in Saint Eustatius, Curaçao, northwest and southwest Cuba, and Bonaire. This led to the discovery of a group of copepod species in these varied Caribbean locations. Importantly, these species are morphologically indistinguishable through traditional methods, challenging established taxonomic approaches. The observed diversity of symbionts, despite the host species’ genetic uniformity, is likely due to variations in larval dispersal mechanisms. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the Lamippidae copepods belong to the order, Poecilostomatoida (Copepoda), and revealed their sister group relationship with the Anchimolgidae, Rhynchomolgidae, and Xarifiidae clades, known for their symbiotic relationships with scleractinian corals. These results add to our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological interactions of copepods and their hosts, and the diseases that they cause, and are important data in a changing climate.

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“…In the ocean, many symbioses among organisms are well known. On shallow water coral reefs, octocorals are a diverse taxa and form often important and large components of the ecosystem, and have symbiotic relationships with various associated animals (Fabricius and Alderslade 2001;Reijnen et al 2011;Lau et al 2019;Kushida et al 2020;Korzhavina et al 2021). For example, the symbioses between Hippocampus spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

First observation of Waminoa sp. on Dendronephthya aff. rigida

Kushida

Kunihiro

Reimer

2023

Plankton Benthos Res

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Associations between different taxa constitute critical data to recognize ecological symbioses. Acoela flatworms of the genus Waminoa are an overlooked but often present group in coral reef ecosystems. More than 97% of the reports on Waminoa individuals until now have found them on scleractinian coral species, and the relationships between Waminoa species and other potential hosts such as octocorals, which are often large and ecologically important components in coral reefs, are not known well. Here we report the first observation of Waminoa sp. from a species of Dendronephthya, at Zanpa, Okinawa, Japan. We observed three morphotypes on a colony of D. aff. rigida (Studer, 1888), with almost all Waminoa individuals in shaded locations.

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Global diversity and distribution of Lamippidae copepods symbiotic on Octocorallia

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis

From Microscale Interactions to Macroscale Patterns in Copepod–Crinoid Symbiosis

Tracing Geographic and Molecular Footprints of Copepod Crustaceans Causing Multifocal Purple Spots Syndrome in the Caribbean Sea Fan Gorgonia ventalina

First observation of <i>Waminoa</i> sp. on <i>Dendronephthya</i> aff. <i>rigida</i>

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