Global Distribution of Fluoroquinolone and Colistin Resistance and Associated Resistance Markers in Escherichia coli of Swine Origin – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

BackgroundFluoroquinolones and polymyxins (colistin) are considered as critical drugs for human medicine. Antimicrobials of these classes are also used in swine production worldwide and this usage can contribute to selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is a threat to both human and animal health. Given the dynamic epidemiology of AMR, updating our knowledge regarding distribution and trends in the proportion of resistant bacteria is of critical importance.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to describe the global prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones and colistin in Escherichia coli collected from swine.ResultsFour databases (PubMed, PubAg, Web of Science, and CAB abstracts) and reports of national surveillance programs were scanned and 360 articles were included in the analysis. We identified higher prevalence levels of fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance in isolates from pig populations in Asia compared to Europe. The heterogeneity of pooled estimates was also higher in Asian countries suggesting that prevalence of AMR is still not fully characterized. There was a major knowledge gap about the situation of AMR in South American and African countries. We also identified key deficiencies in how AMR data was reported in the studies. A meta-analysis using 6,167 publicly available genomes of swine E. coli established the prevalence and global distribution of genetic determinants that can lead to fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance.ConclusionThis study provides the most comprehensive information on prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to key antimicrobials in pig populations globally. There is a need to establish national surveillance programs and effective policies, particularly in certain world regions, to curtail the threat of evolution of resistant isolates in swine production that can potentially contribute to public health detrimentally.

Global Distribution of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin and Carbapenem Resistance and Associated Resistance Markers in Escherichia coli of Swine Origin – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Search strings were designed to identify publications on cephalosporin, colistin, quinolone, and carbapenem resistance in swine. Data on fluoroquinolone and colistin resistance was extracted to conduct a separate systematic review ( Hayer et al, 2022 ).…”

Situational analysis on fluoroquinolones use and characterization of high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis by integrated broiler operations in South Korea

“…Recently, antimicrobial-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry farms have become a problem in many countries, including Korea (34)(35)(36)(37), because antimicrobialresistant enterococci can easily spread within pathogenic strains or between pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains (38). Moreover, resistance to fluoroquinolones, which are critically important in human medicine, has been continuously reported worldwide (39).…”

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli from South American Camelids in Central Germany

“…Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been widely used in livestock, making food animals an important reservoir of resistance [74,75]. In swine, a high prevalence of resistance was strongly correlated with the use of fluoroquinolones [76]. The resistance-mediating mutations found are common in E. coli in STs and clonal complexes distributed worldwide, such as CC10 (ST10, ST48 and ST744) [76] or ST410 and ST162, which are both present in the SAC strain collection and carry these chromosomal mutations.…”

“…In swine, a high prevalence of resistance was strongly correlated with the use of fluoroquinolones [76]. The resistance-mediating mutations found are common in E. coli in STs and clonal complexes distributed worldwide, such as CC10 (ST10, ST48 and ST744) [76] or ST410 and ST162, which are both present in the SAC strain collection and carry these chromosomal mutations. In addition to the high prevalence of these resistance mutations originating from the initial selection process [4], a high prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines (46%), trimethoprim/sulfonamides (31% dfrA + sul, 53% dfrA or sul) and phenicols (31%) was detected.…”