Global distribution of carbonate rocks and karst water resources

Goldscheider, Nico; Chen, Zhao; Auler, Augusto S.; Bakalowicz, Michel; Broda, Stefan; Drew, David; Hartmann, Jens; Jiang, Guanghui; Moosdorf, Nils; Stevanović, Zoran; Veni, George

doi:10.1007/s10040-020-02139-5

Cited by 358 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…6640, 2008 60 ). Another alarming gap is the absence of any mention of measures aimed at maintaining hydrological dynamics in subterranean environments and karst landscapes, which contrasts with the fact that these landscapes are an important natural freshwater reservoir 61 . This gap needs to be lled as our nds show that drainage basins are one of the central pillars of large-scale subterranean fauna compositional patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trogloregions: delimiting subterranean faunistic identities in Afrotropics and Neotropics

Alvarenga¹,

Silva²,

Ferreira³

2020

Preprint

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Studies regarding macroecological patterns involving subterranean fauna are challenging, since the environments where such species are found generally do not have the same ecological patterns observed on the surface, due to their isolation. Therefore, using data on the occurrence of invertebrate families, we tested the influence of ecological regions already established for surface environments (biogeographic domains, biomes, and ecoregions), lithology, and drainage basins as potential drivers of the similarity on the invertebrates communities. We observed that within the surface ecoregions there might still be subdivisions due to different drainage basins, a pattern that was repeated in both aquatic and terrestrial fauna. Thus, we present different bioregions in the Afrotropics and Neotropics, in which caves have distinct faunistic identities. We discuss the biogeographic relationships between the epigean and hypogean environments that may be behind these patterns. We believe that these results can assist in conservation strategies, in which these different compositions are considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trogloregions: delimiting subterranean faunistic identities in Afrotropics and Neotropics

Alvarenga¹,

Silva²,

Ferreira³

2020

Preprint

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“…Approximately 16.5% of the global population lives on karst (Goldscheider et al 2020). Karst systems form in carbonate rock when water containing CO 2 gradually dissolves a network of conduits through a fractured rock matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model ensemble generator to explore structural uncertainty in karst systems with unmapped conduits

Fandel

Ferré

Chen³

et al. 2020

Hydrogeol J

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Karst aquifers are characterized by high-conductivity conduits embedded in a low-conductivity fractured matrix, resulting in extreme heterogeneity and variable groundwater flow behavior. The conduit network controls groundwater flow, but is often unmapped, making it difficult to apply numerical models to predict system behavior. This paper presents a multi-model ensemble method to represent structural and conceptual uncertainty inherent in simulation of systems with limited spatial information, and to guide data collection. The study tests the new method by applying it to a well-mapped, geologically complex long-term study site: the Gottesacker alpine karst system (Austria/Germany). The ensemble generation process, linking existing tools, consists of three steps: creating 3D geologic models using GemPy (a Python package), generating multiple conduit networks constrained by the geology using the Stochastic Karst Simulator (a MATLAB script), and, finally, running multiple flow simulations through each network using the Storm Water Management Model (C-based software) to reject nonbehavioral models based on the fit of the simulated spring discharge to the observed discharge. This approach captures a diversity of plausible system configurations and behaviors using minimal initial data. The ensemble can then be used to explore the importance of hydraulic flow parameters, and to guide additional data collection. For the ensemble generated in this study, the network structure was more determinant of flow behavior than the hydraulic parameters, but multiple different structures yielded similar fits to the observed flow behavior. This suggests that while modeling multiple network structures is important, additional types of data are needed to discriminate between networks.

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“…Karstic aquifers present physical particularities that, in general, make them more sensitive to contamination [14,15]. Specific approaches, such as the COP (C: Concentration of flow; O: Overlying layers above water table; P: precipitation) method [10], have been developed specifically to assess groundwater vulnerability in carbonate (karstic) aquifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach to Harmonize Vulnerability Assessment in Carbonate and Detrital Aquifers at Basin Scale

Baena-Ruíz

Pulido-Velázquez

2020

Water

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The DRASTIC (D: Depth to water; R: Net recharge; A: Aquifer media; S: Soil media; T: Topography; I: Impact of vadose zone; C: Hydraulic conductivity) index is usually applied to assess intrinsic vulnerability in detrital and carbonate aquifers, although it does not take into account the particularities of karst systems as the COP (C: Concentration of flow; O: Overlying layers above water table; P: precipitation) method does. In this paper we aim to find a reasonable correspondence between the vulnerability maps obtained using these two methods. We adapt the DRASTIC index in order to obtain reliable assessments in carbonate aquifers while maintaining its original conceptual formulation. This approach is analogous to the hypothesis of “equivalent porous medium”, which applies to karstic aquifers the numerical solution developed for detrital aquifers. We applied our novel method to the Upper Guadiana Basin, which contains both carbonate and detrital aquifers. Validation analysis demonstrated a higher confidence in the vulnerability assessment provided by the COP method in the carbonate aquifers. The proposed method solves an optimization problem to minimize the differences between the assessments provided by the modified DRASTIC and COP methods. Decision trees and spatial statistics analyses were combined to identify the ranges and weights of DRASTIC parameters to produce an optimal solution that matches the COP vulnerability classification for carbonate aquifers in 75% of the area, while maintaining a reliable assessment of the detrital aquifers in the Basin.

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Global distribution of carbonate rocks and karst water resources

Cited by 358 publications

References 34 publications

Trogloregions: delimiting subterranean faunistic identities in Afrotropics and Neotropics

Trogloregions: delimiting subterranean faunistic identities in Afrotropics and Neotropics

A model ensemble generator to explore structural uncertainty in karst systems with unmapped conduits

A Novel Approach to Harmonize Vulnerability Assessment in Carbonate and Detrital Aquifers at Basin Scale

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