Global dissemination of H5N1 influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene and biologic analysis of the ones detected in China

Cui, Pengfei; Shi, Jianzhong; Wang, Congcong; Zhang, Yuancheng; Xing, Xinpeng; Kong, Huihui; Cheng, Yan; Zeng, Xianying; Liu, Liling; Tian, Guobin; Liu, Chengjun; Deng, Guohua; Chen, Hualan

doi:10.1080/22221751.2022.2088407

Cited by 89 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Since then, it has been persistently circulating in this geographic area, and in West Africa it reassorted with the A(H9N2) subtype of the zoonotic G1 lineage (Ouoba et al, 2022). Starting from October 2021, different A(H5N1) genotypes, some of them previously identified in Europe, have been detected in South and East Asia, including China (Cui et al, 2022). In December 2021, North America announced the first detection of an A(H5N1) virus strongly related to the A(H5N1) identified in Northern Europe during the 2020-2021 epidemic season (Bevins et al, 2022;Caliendo et al, 2022b).…”

Section: Description Of the Nomenclature Of The Hpai A(h5) Viruses Us...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Avian influenza overview June – September 2022

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Gonzáles³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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The 2021-2022 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic season is the largest HPAI epidemic so far observed in Europe, with a total of 2,467 outbreaks in poultry, 47.7 million birds culled in the affected establishments, 187 outbreaks in captive birds, and 3,573 HPAI virus detections in wild birds with an unprecedent geographical extent reaching from Svalbard islands to South Portugal and Ukraine, affecting 37 European countries. Between 11 June and 9 September 2022, 788 HPAI virus detections were reported in 16 European countries in poultry (56), captive ( 22) and wild birds (710). Several colony-breeding seabird species exhibited widespread and massive mortality from HPAI A(H5N1) virus along the northwest coast of Europe. This resulted in an unprecedentedly high level of HPAI virus detections in wild birds between June and August 2022 and represents an ongoing risk of infection for domestic birds. HPAI outbreaks were still observed in poultry from June to September with five-fold more infected premises than observed during the same period in 2021 and mostly distributed along the Atlantic coast. Response options to this new epidemiological situation include the definition and rapid implementation of suitable and sustainable HPAI mitigation strategies such as appropriate biosecurity measures and surveillance strategies for early detection in the different poultry production systems. The viruses currently circulating in Europe belong to clade 2.3.4.4b with seven genotypes, three of which identified for the first time during this time period, being detected during summer. HPAI A(H5) viruses were also detected in wild mammal species in Europe and North America and showed genetic markers of adaptation to replication in mammals. Since the last report, two A(H5N6), two A(H9N2) and one A(H10N3) human infections were reported in China. The risk of infection is assessed as low for the general population in the EU/EEA, and low to medium for occupationally exposed people.

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Section: Description Of the Nomenclature Of The Hpai A(h5) Viruses Us...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Avian influenza overview June – September 2022

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Gonzáles³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…It was confirmed that two types of H5 viruses with different hemagglutinin (HA) in the genetic pool were already circulating in autumn 2021; one had been continuously present with genetic drift among the European bird population since autumn 2020, and the other, which originated in African countries but could be widely spread throughout European countries [ 8 ] had been detected since October 2021. Under such a circumstance, many gene-reassorted viruses, including H5N1, were generated, and dominant H5N1 reassorted viruses were further transferred from Europe to African, North American, or Asian countries in winter 2021–2022 [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Phylogenetic analyses have already revealed that two types of H5 HPAIVs invaded southern Japan at the end of 2021.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of New H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Winter 2021–2022 in the Far East, Which Are Genetically Close to Those in Europe

Isoda

Onuma

Hiono

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Many high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) cases in wild birds due to H5N1 HPAI virus (HPAIV) infection were reported in northern Japan in the winter of 2021–2022. To investigate the epidemiology of HPAIVs brought to Japan from surrounding areas, a genetic analysis of H5 HPAIVs isolated in northern Japan was performed, and the pathogenicity of the HPAIV in chickens was assessed by experimental infection. Based on the genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene, pathogenic viruses detected in northern Japan as well as one in Sakhalin, the eastern part of Russia, were classified into the same subgroup as viruses prevalent in Europe in the same season but distinct from those circulating in Asia in winter 2020–2021. High identities of all eight segment sequences of A/crow/Hokkaido/0103B065/2022 (H5N1) (Crow/Hok), the representative isolates in northern Japan in 2022, to European isolates in the same season could also certify the unlikeliness of causing gene reassortment between H5 HPAIVs and viruses locally circulating in Asia. According to intranasal challenge results in six-week-old chickens, 50% of the chicken-lethal dose of Crow/Hok was calculated as 104.5 times of the 50% egg-infectious dose. These results demonstrated that the currently prevalent H5 HPAIVs could spread widely from certain origins throughout the Eurasian continent, including Europe and the Far East, and implied a possibility that contagious viruses are gathered in lakes in the northern territory via bird migration. Active monitoring of wild birds at the global level is essential to estimate the geographical source and spread dynamics of HPAIVs.

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“…The global spread of viral pathogens, such as IAV and SARS-CoV-2, led to major economic and health challenges worldwide [42][43][44]. Revealing host genes essential for infection by IAV can provide insights into the virus pathogenesis, and facilitate the development of novel therapeutics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TREX (transcription/export)-NP complex exerts a dual effect on regulating polymerase activity and replication of influenza A virus

et al. 2022

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Influenza A viruses effectively hijack the intracellular "resources" to complete transcription and replication, which involve extensive interactions between the viral and host proteins. Herein, we screened the host factors, which belong to DExD/H-box protein family members, RNA-binding proteins or mitochondrial anchoring proteins, to investigate their effects on polymerase activity. We observed DDX39B and DDX39A, DEAD-box RNA-Helicases, exert a dual effect on regulating polymerase activity and replication of influenza A viruses. We further revealed that DDX39B and DDX39A interact with viral NP and NS1 proteins. Interestingly, the viral NP proteins could reverse the inhibitory effect of excess DDX39B or DDX39A on polymerase activity. Mechanistically, the TREX complex subunits, THOC1, THOC4 and CIP29, were recruited to DDX39B-DDX39A-NP complex in an ATP-dependent manner, via the interaction with DDX39B or DDX39A, followed by excess TREX-NP complexes interfere with the normal oligomerization state of NP depending on the ratio between the viral and host proteins. On the other hand, the TREX complex, an evolutionarily conserved protein complex, is responsible for the integration of several mRNA processing steps to export viral mRNA. Knockdown of TREX complex subunits significantly down-regulated viral titers and protein levels, accompanied by retention of viral mRNA in the nucleus. Taken together, screening the host factors that regulate the replication of influenza virus advances our understanding of viral pathogenesis and our findings point out a previously unclear mechanism of TREX complex function.

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Global dissemination of H5N1 influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene and biologic analysis of the ones detected in China

Cited by 89 publications

References 57 publications

Avian influenza overview June – September 2022

Avian influenza overview June – September 2022

Detection of New H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in Winter 2021–2022 in the Far East, Which Are Genetically Close to Those in Europe

TREX (transcription/export)-NP complex exerts a dual effect on regulating polymerase activity and replication of influenza A virus

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