Global Correlates of Cardiovascular Risk: A Comparison of 158 Countries

Grasgruber, Pavel; Cacek, Jan; Hrazdíra, Eduard; Hřebíčková, Sylva; Sebera, Martin

doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0066.v1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Europeans have a better dietary pattern, higher physical activity, and better healthseeking behaviour than in the United States. 44,45 Women in Switzerland, and Europe in general, have higher rates of smokers compared to women in the other cohorts. 46 Our cohort had 53.9%…”

Section: Strengths and Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does reproductive stage impact cardiovascular disease risk factors? Results from a population‐based cohort in Lausanne (CoLaus study)

Raguindin

Cardona

Muka

et al. 2022

Clinical Endocrinology

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Context Menopause has been associated with adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile, yet it is unclear whether the changes in CVD risk factors differ by reproductive stage independently of underlying ageing trajectories. Design The CoLaus study is a prospective population‐based cohort study in Lausanne, Switzerland. Patients We used data from women at baseline and follow‐up (mean: 5.6 ± 0.5 years) from 2003 to 2012 who did not use hormone therapy. We classified women into (i) premenopausal, (ii) menopausal transition, (iii) early (≤5 years) and (iv) late (>5 years) postmenopausal by comparing their menstruation status at baseline and follow‐up. Measurements We measured fasting lipids, glucose and cardiovascular inflammatory markers. We used repeated measures (linear mixed models) for longitudinal analysis, using premenopausal women as a reference category. We adjusted analyses for age, medications and lifestyle factors. Results We used the data from 1710 women aged 35–75 years. Longitudinal analysis showed that the changes in CVD risk factors were not different in the other three menopausal categories compared to premenopausal women. When age was used as a predictor variable and adjusted for menopause status, most CVD risk factors increased, while interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐1β decreased with advancing age. Conclusion The current study suggests that women have a worsening cardiovascular risk profile as they age, and although menopausal women may have higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors compared to premenopausal women at any given time, the 5‐year changes in cardiovascular risk factors may not depend on the reproductive stage.

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Section: Strengths and Weaknessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does reproductive stage impact cardiovascular disease risk factors? Results from a population‐based cohort in Lausanne (CoLaus study)

Raguindin

Cardona

Muka

et al. 2022

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…In 2015, the average prevalence of obesity among adults was 38.2% in the United States, much higher than global average (19.5%) based on the Obesity Update 2017 ( http://www.oecd.org/health/obesity-update.html ). A high carbohydrate intake is reported to be the dietary factor most related to the risk of cardiovascular disorders and death [ 21 , 22 ]. Both the obesity rate and carbohydrate intake in the Americas are significantly higher than those in Asia, which may explain the higher rate of comorbid hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in COVID-19 patients in the Americas than in those in Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Symptoms and Underlying Comorbidities with Latitude and Longitude in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yong

et al. 2022

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is straining global health resources, and the prevalence of severe disease appears to vary across countries. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and underlying medical conditions of COVID-19. Eighty-seven studies, involving 1,434,931 COVID-19 patients from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, were included. Geographically, the rate of severity was highest in Asia (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23‒0.30). The rates of comorbidities of COVID-19 patients in the Americas were significantly higher than those in Asia. Most Asian patients had fever (95%CI 0.70‒0.81), and most Oceanian patients had cough (95%CI 0.68‒0.70) as their prevalent symptom. Dyspnea was common in the Americas (95%CI 0.33‒0.64), Europe (95%CI 0.29‒0.64), and high latitude regions (95%CI 0.53‒0.82). European patients exhibited significantly high rates of loss of smell and taste (95%CI 0.60–0.97). In low-latitude regions, cancer (95%CI 14.50‒4.89) had the strongest correlation with illness severity. Comorbid diseases and clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 patients vary substantially between latitudes and longitudes. Region-specific care should be considered to treat and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.

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“…In 2015, the average prevalence of obesity among adults was 38.2% in the United States, much higher than global average (19.5%) based on the Obesity Update 2017 (www.oecd.org/health/obesity-update.html). A high carbohydrate intake is reported to be the dietary factor most related to the risk of cardiovascular disorders and death [21,22]. Both the obesity rate and carbohydrate intake in the Americas are signi cantly higher than those in Asia, which may explain the higher rate of comorbid hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in COVID-19 patients in the Americas than in those in Asia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct symptoms and underlying comorbidities with latitude and longitude in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tian

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is straining global health resources and the prevalence of severe disease appears to vary across countries. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and underlying medical conditions of COVID-19. Eighty-seven studies, involving 1,434,931 COVID-19 patients from the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, were included. Geographically, the rate of severity was highest in Asia (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23‒0.30). The rates of comorbidities of COVID-19 patients in the Americas were significantly higher than those in Asia. Most Asian patients had fever (95%CI 0.70‒0.81), and most Oceanian patients had cough (95%CI 0.68‒0.70) as their prevalent symptom. Dyspnea was common in the Americas (95%CI 0.33‒0.64), Europe (95%CI 0.29‒0.64), and high latitude regions (95%CI 0.53‒0.82). European patients exhibited significantly high rates of loss of smell and taste (95%CI 0.60-0.97). In low-latitude regions, cancer (95%CI 14.50‒4.89) had the strongest correlation with illness severity. Comorbid diseases and clinical manifestations of severe COVID-19 patients vary substantially between latitudes and longitudes. Region-specific care should be considered to treat and improve the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.

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Global Correlates of Cardiovascular Risk: A Comparison of 158 Countries

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Does reproductive stage impact cardiovascular disease risk factors? Results from a population‐based cohort in Lausanne (CoLaus study)

Does reproductive stage impact cardiovascular disease risk factors? Results from a population‐based cohort in Lausanne (CoLaus study)

Distinct Symptoms and Underlying Comorbidities with Latitude and Longitude in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Distinct symptoms and underlying comorbidities with latitude and longitude in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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