Global Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Hui, Dafeng; Deng, Qi; Tian, Hanqin; Luo, Yiqi

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6431-0_13-3

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…In contrast, radical decline trends in the short term can only be justified in light of deforestation caused by human activities. At the global scale, greenhouse gas emissions (CH 4 and CO 2 in particular) are largely responsible for the Earth's warming [69,70]. Terrestrial habitats are generally a sink for atmospheric carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas flux modulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Different Ecosystems of Iran and Its Relationship with Agricultural Droughts

2023

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The increase in environmental and human-related changes (e.g., increase in the carbon cycle flux of plants) has increased the dynamism of ecosystems. Examining fluctuations in net primary production (NPP) is very important in adopting correct strategies for ecosystem management. The current study explores the spatiotemporal variations in NPP and its association with agricultural droughts in Iran’s ecosystems over 20 years (2000–2020). Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope methods in each pixel were used to track changes in trends. Drought upsets the terrestrial carbon cycle balance. In this study, Vegetation Health Index (VHI) used to assess drought that extracted from different bands of images satellite. Then, the relationship between NPP rates and agricultural droughts was investigated through running Pearson correlation. The results demonstrated that Iran’s annual share of carbon sequestration is 1.38 kg*C/m2/year. The highest carbon sequestration rate was recorded in Caspian Hyrcanian forests. In contrast, the lowest rate was observed in the Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands in southwestern Iran. Moreover, the highest photosynthesis variations were recorded in Arabian Desert and East Sahero-Arabian xeric shrublands and Tigris–Euphrates alluvial salt marsh, while the lowest changes were registered in Badghyz and Karabil. In total, 34.2% of the studied pixels showed a statistically significant rising or falling trend. Sen’s slope estimator demonstrated that the sharpest negative trend in carbon sequestration belonged to Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests (−12.24 g*C/m2/year), while the sharpest positive trend was observed in Azerbaijan shrub desert and steppe (12.29 g*C/m2/year). The results of the Pearson correlation revealed significant correlations between NPP and VHI in different ecosystems with coefficients ranging from −0.93 to 0.95. The largest area with a positive correlation (33.97%) belonged to the Zagros Mountains forest steppe. Identification of areas with the greatest carbon sequestration changes could result in prioritizing varied ecosystems management for carbon sequestering. It can be also utilized in environmental planning such as scaling up ecosystem values or estimating current and past ecological capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Different Ecosystems of Iran and Its Relationship with Agricultural Droughts

2023

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“…In recent years, the atmospheric N 2 O concentration has risen from 270 ppb during the preindustrial era to 330 ppb, with an average increase of 0.73 ppb year −1 [2,13]. Global N 2 O emissions stemming from N inputs have surged by more than 30% in the past four decades [7,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Climate Change and Agricultural Practices on Nitrogen Processes, Genes, and Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions: A Quantitative Review of Meta-Analyses

Hui,

Ray,

Kasrija

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Microbial-driven processes, including nitrification and denitrification closely related to soil nitrous oxide (N2O) production, are orchestrated by a network of enzymes and genes such as amoA genes from ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), narG (nitrate reductase), nirS and nirK (nitrite reductase), and nosZ (N2O reductase). However, how climatic factors and agricultural practices could influence these genes and processes and, consequently, soil N2O emissions remain unclear. In this comprehensive review, we quantitatively assessed the effects of these factors on nitrogen processes and soil N2O emissions using mega-analysis (i.e., meta-meta-analysis). The results showed that global warming increased soil nitrification and denitrification rates, leading to an overall increase in soil N2O emissions by 159.7%. Elevated CO2 stimulated both nirK and nirS with a substantial increase in soil N2O emission by 40.6%. Nitrogen fertilization amplified NH4+-N and NO3−-N contents, promoting AOB, nirS, and nirK, and caused a 153.2% increase in soil N2O emission. The application of biochar enhanced AOA, nirS, and nosZ, ultimately reducing soil N2O emission by 15.8%. Exposure to microplastics mostly stimulated the denitrification process and increased soil N2O emissions by 140.4%. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of nitrogen processes and the microbial regulation of soil N2O emissions.

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“…Meta‐analysis is a promising technique that synthesizing data from individual studies and providing an overall quantification (i.e., an effective size such as response ratio, RR) of treatment effect (Philibert et al, 2012; Shakoor et al, 2021; Song et al, 2016). As numerous data sources are merged into a single dataset by drawing from existing observational data in experimental studies, meta‐analysis can reduce experimental errors and provide a better estimation of effective size of treatment (Deng et al, 2015; Hedges et al, 1999; Hui et al, 2021; Luo et al, 2006; Wan et al, 2001; Xu et al, 2021; Young et al, 2021). It is also considered a good approach to resolve the challenge of inconsistence revealed among different individual studies (Hedges et al, 1999; Shakoor et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses

et al. 2022

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Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is the third important long-lived greenhouse gas next to carbon dioxide and methane and croplands are considered biogeochemical hotspots of soil N 2 O emissions. To reduce soil N 2 O and other greenhouse emissions, climate-smart agricultural practices including biochar application have been applied. Many studies have been conducted with biochar application but results from these studies are not conclusive. To address this issue, meta-analysis, a quantitative review that synthesizes results from multiple independent studies, has been widely used. The results from different meta-analyses also differ but are seldomly evaluated. In this study, we evaluated meta-analyses on the effects of biochar application on soil N 2 O emissions. A grand mean response ratio (RR) was further proposed to estimate an overall effect and the impacts of experiment setting, properties of biochar and soil, and agricultural practices. We found 18 metaanalysis papers were published between 2014 and 2022. Sample size (publications or experiments) varied from less than 30 to more than 1000, with a mean sample size of 275. RR was calculated in all studies except one. While four meta-analyses did not find a significant effect of biochar application on soil N 2 O emissions, all others reported reductions of soil N 2 O emissions, but the magnitude ranged from −10.5% to −54.8%. Synthesizing all results from these meta-analyses, we found that biochar application overall significantly reduced the soil N 2 O emissions by 38.8%. The impacts increased with experimental duration till one and half years and reduced after that. Biochar application rate and C:N ratio had large influence on the effects of biochar application on soil N 2 O emissions. This study demonstrated that while meta-analysis provides a more comprehensive and better estimation, the inconsistence among these studies may need to be further evaluated.A grand mean RR based on meta-analyses could be more accurate and representative than single meta-analysis.

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Global Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Cited by 7 publications

References 179 publications

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Different Ecosystems of Iran and Its Relationship with Agricultural Droughts

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Carbon Sequestration in Different Ecosystems of Iran and Its Relationship with Agricultural Droughts

Impacts of Climate Change and Agricultural Practices on Nitrogen Processes, Genes, and Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions: A Quantitative Review of Meta-Analyses

How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses

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