Global Changes in Secondary Atmospheric Pollutants During the 2020 COVID‐19 Pandemic

Gaubert, Benjamin; Bouarar, Idir; Doumbia, Thierno; Liu, Yiming; Stavrakou, Trissevgeni; Deroubaix, Adrien; Darras, Sabine; Elguindi, Nellie; Granier, Claire; He, Cenlin; Müller, Jean-François; Shi, Xiaoqin; Tilmes, Simone; Wang, Tao; Brasseur, Guy

doi:10.1029/2020jd034213

Cited by 66 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The advantage of such a dataset, which provides AFs for assessments of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, is that it can be applied directly to most global and regional inventories used in chemistry-climate and transport models in a flexible way. The inventories commonly used in these models (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research, EDGAR, Crippa et al, 2018; Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short-Lived Pollutants, ECLIPSE, Klimont et al, 2017; Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, CAMS, Granier et al, 2019; Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China, MEIC, Li et al, 2017;etc. ) include the sectors already mentioned (industrial processes, road transportation, power generation, resi- dential, aviation and shipping).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper discusses the dataset developed for the January-August 2020 period: the dataset is called CON-FORM (COvid-19 adjustmeNt Factors fOR eMissions) and will be updated to account for the latest available activity data information. The impact of the AFs on the emissions developed as part of the CAMS global anthropogenic emissions (Granier et al, 2019;Elguindi et al, 2020) is discussed for the NMVOC (non-methane volatile organic compound), CO, NO x , BC (black carbon), OC and SO 2 species in Sect. 3.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling

Doumbia

Granier

Elguindi

et al. 2021

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. In order to fight the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, most of the world's countries have taken control measures such as lockdowns during a few weeks to a few months. These lockdowns had significant impacts on economic and personal activities in many countries. Several studies using satellite and surface observations have reported important changes in the spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. Global and regional chemistry-transport model studies are being performed in order to analyze the impact of these lockdowns on the distribution of atmospheric compounds. These modeling studies aim at evaluating the impact of the regional lockdowns at the global scale. In order to provide input for the global and regional model simulations, a dataset providing adjustment factors (AFs) that can easily be applied to current global and regional emission inventories has been developed. This dataset provides, for the January–August 2020 period, gridded AFs at a 0.1×0.1 latitude–longitude degree resolution on a daily or monthly basis for the transportation (road, air and ship traffic), power generation, industry and residential sectors. The quantification of AFs is based on activity data collected from different databases and previously published studies. A range of AFs are provided at each grid point for model sensitivity studies. The emission AFs developed in this study are applied to the CAMS global inventory (CAMS-GLOB-ANT_v4.2_R1.1), and the changes in emissions of the main pollutants are discussed for different regions of the world and the first 6 months of 2020. Maximum decreases in the total emissions are found in February in eastern China, with an average reduction of 20 %–30 % in NOx, NMVOCs (non-methane volatile organic compounds) and SO2 relative to the reference emissions. In the other regions, the maximum changes occur in April, with average reductions of 20 %–30 % for NOx, NMVOCs and CO in Europe and North America and larger decreases (30 %–50 %) in South America. In India and African regions, NOx and NMVOC emissions are reduced on average by 15 %–30 %. For the other species, the maximum reductions are generally less than 15 %, except in South America, where large decreases in CO and BC (black carbon) are estimated. As discussed in the paper, reductions vary highly across regions and sectors due to the differences in the duration of the lockdowns before partial or complete recovery. The dataset providing a range of AFs (average and average ± standard deviation) is called CONFORM (COvid-19 adjustmeNt Factors fOR eMissions) (https://doi.org/10.25326/88; Doumbia et al., 2020). It is distributed by the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) database (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/, last access: 23 August 2021).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling

Doumbia

Granier

Elguindi

et al. 2021

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…CESM2.2.0 is a publicly released version of the Community Earth System Model and freely available online at https://zenodo.org/record/3895315. The results of the model simulations are available online (Gaubert et al, 2021,…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Anomalies in the Free Troposphere During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Bouarar

Gaubert

Brasseur

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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The reduction in the emissions of primary pollutants during the COVID-19 pandemic, due to the worldwide slowdown in economic activity, produced a perturbation in the formation of secondary compounds, including ozone, and in the oxidative capacity of the lower atmosphere. Several studies have highlighted that the sign and magnitude of the anomaly depended on the photochemical regime in the region under consideration (

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“…Scientists rapidly developed novel approaches to disentangle the effects of anthropogenic emission change from natural variability using a wide range of methods, including satellite remote sensing (Bauwens et al, 2020;Ding et al, 2020;Goldberg et al, 2020;F. Liu et al, 2020;Sathe et al, 2020), chemical transport modeling (Gaubert et al, 2021;Keller et al, 2021;Miyazaki et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020), ground observations (Berman & Ebisu, 2020;Chen et al, 2020;Fu et al, 2020;Parker et al, 2020;Tanzer-Gruener et al, 2020;Turner et al, 2020;Venter et al, 2020), and air monitoring studies from aircraft (Frost et al, 2020;Ren et al, 2020). These new approaches can be valuable for future explorations of how rapid changes in human activity and/or policy influence air quality, given historic challenges with attributing air quality change to specific policies.…”

Section: Science In the Time Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al, 2020;Siciliano et al, 2020;Zheng et al, 2020). Beyond satellite remote sensing, several academic and government institutions used chemical transport model simulations with adjusted emissions or business-as-usual simulations to identify air quality changes from the pandemic (Gaubert et al, 2021). Lockdown-related emission changes could also feed back into the Earth system and influence hydrometeorological and temperature extremes due to microphysical and radiative forcing effects (Fuglestvedt et al, 2003;Gettelman et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Impacts Of Covid-19 On the Earth Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the Future of Science: COVID‐19 Highlighting the Importance of GeoHealth

et al. 2021

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is providing an unprecedented opportunity to observe how changes in human behavior during lockdown have impacted the Earth system, how aspects of the Earth system may affect COVID-19 disease dynamics, and the role of geoscientists during the pandemic. The pandemic has highlighted the necessity of bridging the Earth system and human health through scientific research. Through these unfortunate and dire circumstances, GeoHealth has been brought to the forefront of visibility in the geosciences-especially throughout the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2020 (AGU20) and in the public health policies designed to mitigate the spread of the disease. GeoHealth lies at the nexus of humans, health, and the Earth system (Figure 1), all of which are interconnected to the COVID-19 pandemic.Though the pandemic pushed many professional meetings, including AGU20, to a fully virtual platform, the scientific response and communication remained. AGU20 featured 47 sessions under the umbrella of COVID-19, partitioned into three different themes: impact of COVID-19 on the Earth system, impact of changes in the Earth system on COVID-19, and science in the time of COVID-19. Seven separate AGU sections featured sessions on COVID-19 and there were 12 other supporting sessions formatted as innovative, union, plenary, and town halls.The annual theme for AGU20 was "Shaping the Future of Science," which was designed to focus on how the decisions we make now will affect the future. COVID-19 and its connection to the Earth system has demonstrated how GeoHealth, a relatively new AGU section, is an imperative addition to the geoscience community. The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed geoscientists to think outside the box and consider how our access to data and geospatial analytic methods can help the COVID-19 response and inform both short-Abstract From the heated debates over the airborne transmission of the novel coronavirus to the abrupt Earth system changes caused by the sudden lockdowns, the dire circumstances resulting from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have brought the field of GeoHealth to the forefront of visibility in science and policy. The pandemic has inadvertently provided an opportunity to study how human response has impacted the Earth system, how the Earth system may impact the pandemic, and the capacity of GeoHealth to inform real-time policy. The lessons learned throughout our responses to the COVID-19 pandemic are shaping the future of GeoHealth.Plain Language Summary From the heated debates over whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily spread by airborne droplets to the abrupt changes in human behavior such as less driving and factory emissions that have caused changes to the Earth, the pandemic has highlighted the importance of the scientific field called GeoHealth. GeoHealth is the scientific study connecting humans, health, and the Earth-all of which are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The unique circumstances from the pandemic ha...

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Global Changes in Secondary Atmospheric Pollutants During the 2020 COVID‐19 Pandemic

Cited by 66 publications

References 68 publications

Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling

Changes in global air pollutant emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a dataset for atmospheric modeling

Ozone Anomalies in the Free Troposphere During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

Shaping the Future of Science: COVID‐19 Highlighting the Importance of GeoHealth

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