Global Changes in Food Supply and the Obesity Epidemic

Zobel, Emilie H.; Hansen, Tine W.; Rossing, Peter; Scholten, Bernt Johan von

doi:10.1007/s13679-016-0233-8

Cited by 157 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…With the transformation of the global food system, ultraprocessed products have been dominating high-income countries and rapidly increased in low-and middle-income countries, and studies have shown positive associations between the consumption of ultra-processed food and body fat during childhood and adolescence [Monteiro et al, 2013;Costa et al, 2017]. Given that ultra-processed food is rich in sugars and saturated fat [Zobel et al, 2016], we assume that such kinds of food might also increase dental caries prevalence and severity, but this still needs to be proved. Children in low-and middle-income countries usually follow poor preventive oral hygiene practices, which increases the risk of dental caries [Kumar et al, 2017].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chen

Zhi²,

Zhou³

et al. 2018

Caries Res

112

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Research on the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in children has shown contradictory results; thus we aimed to examine the association between dental caries and the full range of BMI classes among children. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published prior to March 2017. Articles comparing dental caries among the full range of BMI classes for children below 18 years of both genders were included. Fourteen studies were eligible for this study. Basic information - i.e., first author, published year, study design, country, sample size, age, type of dental caries index and BMI, main results and conclusions, and means and standard deviations of the dental caries indexes used - was pooled. The weighted mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for dental caries between children with abnormal weight and those with normal weight were analyzed. Generally, no significant differences in caries were found between any abnormal-weight group and the normal-weight group for both primary and permanent teeth. Sensitivity analyses showed that the obese group had more caries than the normal-weight group in their primary teeth. Significantly more caries was found among the overweight and obese children in both primary and permanent teeth in high-income countries, but not in low- and middle-income countries. We recommend that further studies use suitable sample sizes, unify the criteria for BMI categorization and the dental caries index, and investigate the confounding factors that might influence dental caries and BMI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chen

Zhi²,

Zhou³

et al. 2018

Caries Res

112

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“…Many scholars hypothesize that increased consumption of ultra-processed food is a major driver of the obesity epidemic [2, 7, 21-23]. However, very limited research has directly examined the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and obesity or related chronic non-communicable disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-processed Food Intake and Obesity: What Really Matters for Health—Processing or Nutrient Content?

2017

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Purpose of Review The aim of this narrative review was to summarize and critique recent evidence evaluating the association between ultra-processed food intake and obesity. Recent Findings Four of five studies found that higher purchases or consumption of ultra-processed food was associated with overweight/obesity. Additional studies reported relationships between ultra-processed food intake and higher fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome, increases in total and LDL cholesterol, and risk of hypertension. It remains unclear whether associations can be attributed to processing itself or the nutrient content of ultra-processed foods. Only three of nine studies used a prospective design, and the potential for residual confounding was high. Summary Recent research provides fairly consistent support for the association of ultra-processed food intake with obesity and related cardiometabolic outcomes. There is a clear need for further studies, particularly those using longitudinal designs and with sufficient control for confounding, to potentially confirm these findings in different populations and to determine whether ultra-processed food consumption is associated with obesity independent of nutrient content.

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“…Obesity is a growing epidemic with tremendously increased prevalence over the last 30 years worldwide [1]. Obesity is a major independent risk factor for metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and certain cancers [2–5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CREG1 heterozygous mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance

Tian

Cao²,

Liu³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a small glycoprotein whose physiological function is unknown. In cell culture studies, CREG1 promotes cellular differentiation and maturation. To elucidate its physiological functions, we deleted the Creg1 gene in mice and found that loss of CREG1 leads to early embryonic death, suggesting that it is essential for early development. In the analysis of Creg1 heterozygous mice, we unexpectedly observed that they developed obesity as they get older. In this study, we further studied this phenotype by feeding wild type (WT) and Creg1 heterozygote (Creg1+/-) mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Our data showed that Creg1+/- mice exhibited a more prominent obesity phenotype with no change in food intake compared with WT controls when challenged with HFD. Creg1 haploinsufficiency also exacerbated HFD-induced liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In addition, HFD markedly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and epididymal adipose tissue in Creg1+/- mice as compared with WT controls. The activation level of NF-κB, a major regulator of inflammatory response, in epididymal adipose tissue was also elevated in parallel with the cytokines in Creg1+/- mice. These pro-inflammatory responses elicited by CREG1 reduction were confirmed in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes with CREG1 depletion by siRNA transfection. Given that adipose tissue inflammation has been shown to play a key role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, our results suggest that Creg1 haploinsufficiency confers increased susceptibility of adipose tissue to inflammation, leading to aggravated obesity and insulin resistance when challenged with HFD. This study uncovered a novel function of CREG1 in metabolic disorders.

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Global Changes in Food Supply and the Obesity Epidemic

Cited by 157 publications

References 58 publications

Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ultra-processed Food Intake and Obesity: What Really Matters for Health—Processing or Nutrient Content?

CREG1 heterozygous mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance

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